The Fight Against Writing Case Studies

The Fight Against Writing Case Studies The Importance of Writing Case Studies Case studies concentrate on a genuine customer. They are a very effective type of customer endorsement. Writing case studies is also a fantastic chance to become more conscious of your process. It doesn't have to be hard! Usability testing is quite key. Anticipate Your Reader's Questions A case study should answer certain questions your reader may have regarding your merchandise or assistance. User experience design is about problem-solving. A fantastic resource for analysis, enabling you to learn and also boost your Product Design abilities. You also need to demonstrate that it was your specific product or service that did the work effectively. Our reviews contain information like the score of the clients, our rating, starting prices, Discounts, and caliber of the papers. It's extremely important to read carefully essay services reviews, because you would like to steer clear of low superior services. The document that each customer expects you to have and what you know you will need to write. You may also get the occasion to make a referral bonus every single time you refer a buddy to use our expert services. The very first call was scheduled with the recruiter in the United States. In addition, it's very important to the client to feel like the author gets them and understands what they require. Your potential clients wish to find the happy ending your prior client experienced. Students need to keep tabs on a growing number of supplies as the organization grows. If you've been facing the exact problem and continuously scoring poor grades, request readymade case study solutions from the internet academic help agencies. Regardless of what solution it's, you wish to set your own goals internally before you commence reaching out to clients. As time passes, your target needs to be to compile a portfolio of case histories applicable for all the various kinds of problems you solve. Conclusion in case studies summarizes the reach of work whilst listing the advantages of the organization's solution. Our cases manage a selection of dilemma and issues. A case study may produce the difference in convincing a prospective client to conduct business with you. Sometimes, it can be the deciding factor for prospects when deciding whether or not to work with a company. In a startup, you've got to be goal oriented. Do your homework and the writing will follow As you may see, the case study is a very simple format that packs plenty of punch in a little space. For example, say you're writing a case study for a network computer software product. Also, given that you went through an incredibly extensive application procedure, it's certain you know how to advertise yourself. The Hidden Gem of Writing Case Studies As soon as you've impressed your customers and delivered results, it's time to split the story. Case studies work best every time a client would like to tel l the story of a particular initiative or situation so as to glean the collective wisdom with that work and utilize it like a jumping off point for discussion and learning. You understand how to tell a story by means of a document, and the way to generate your point. My story wasn't just about me but about the people who might also hear it. Writing Case Studies Ideas The overall principle is really simple actually. Quite simply, the characteristics connected with a normal entrepreneur are masculine. A success story with an earlier client gives evidence of the worth of your goods or solutions. A customer success case study may be compelling means to let prospects know more about the value you add to your present client relationships. In doing this you demonstrate the worth and effectiveness of your merchandise or service solutions. You wish to compose the case study from the viewpoint of a reader who isn't acquainted with your business, and who would like to understand how your goods or services can address their problems and let them achieve their targets. An inbound marketing and advertising agency is an excellent place to begin. You ought to be in a position to allow it to be straightforward for the customer to supply you with proof of how you increased efficiency or sales for them. Stories also aid a man or woman to relate and retain the info shared. Give Them the Numbers Readers want statistics.

Writing Of The Discipline Of Accounting - 1627 Words

Writing in the Discipline of Accounting Eduardo Salabert Durham Technical Community College Abstract This research focuses on the career of accountants in order to find some of the types of writing done in their field. It is also to help me better understand what accountants do and what types of writing are required as this is a career in which I am pursuing a degree. The methods used to gather information for this research were from primary resources: one email interview, also shadowing an accountant in order to experience what it feels like actually doing some of the tasks and secondary research: three articles from the web describing the types of writing and what information is portrayed in them. Each of the primary and secondary research completed helps me understand writing in the accounting field and how I feel about the career. Writing in the Discipline of Accounting Early in 9th grade I began to show an interest in the business world. One of my family members was finishing her Bachelor’s in Business Administration and she would tell me key points of her lectures and I would write it down and study it. As I progressed through high school I started to gain an interest of how business transactions are done and who keeps record of it so that the company can be successful. That’s when I started researching the field of accounting. Accountants have one of the most crucial jobs in any small company or corporation and it’s oftenShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Writing A Business s Health891 Words   |  4 PagesWriting plays a significant role in many disciplines in the workforce. Some believe that in accounting, writing does not take place at all. This is far from the truth. In fact, when it comes to accounting, writing is very important. It is the inspector in a business’s health. It is used to tell people the status of a business, address the problems, and provide answers. In this essay, we will try to convey the important role writing takes in accounting. We will show its purpose, its content, and theRead MoreThe Writing And Job Prospects Of Accounting1221 Words   |  5 PagesThis report contains information relating to accounting. It talks about the writing and job prospects of accounting and concludes with if I think this career is suitable for me. I will go into detail on why I chose it. I looked up various websites, used a few writing centers, and watched a lecture for an Accounting 121 class and used the information obtained to provide an overview of what accounting requires and what it is like. From this information, I concluded that education is a very importantRead MoreFree Papers992 Words   |  4 Pagespapers, free high school papers and free university papers as sample/example papers for writing your own academic paper but not for downloading purposes. Beware of these websites because they can spoil your academic repute. CustomWritings.com is an international custom writing company that is working online for the convenience of those students who want to gain access to the free stuff. We also provide writing facilities for money but we keep 100% plagiarism free papers such as plagiarism free termRead MoreFree Papers1007 Words   |  5 Pagespapers, free high school papers and free university papers as sample/example papers for writing your own academic paper but not for downloading purposes. Beware of these websites because they can spoil your academic repute. CustomWritings.com is an international custom writing company that is working online for the convenience of those students who want to gain access to the free stuff. We also provide writing facilities for money but we keep 100% plagiarism free papers such as plagiarism free termRead MoreWriting Across And Against The Curriculum1159 Words   |  5 Pages Young, Art. â€Å"Writing Across and Against the Curriculum.† College Composition and Communication. 54.3 (2003): 472-485. Art Young, in the article â€Å"Writing Across and Against the Curriculum,† proposes an innovative and effective approach to promoting language skills and critical thinking amongst college students. As an English professor, Young describes a project in which his campus used poetry across the curriculum to stimulate learning in a variety of subjectRead MoreThe Factors of a Good Fraud Examiner926 Words   |  4 PagesThe development of fraud examiner/forensic accounting profession since the 2001 Enron Fraud After the Enron and WorldCom business climate, there came a new US federal law called Sarbanes – Oxley Act. The SOX contains 11 titles that describe specific mandates and requirements for financial reporting. It makes corporate executives more accountable for their actions. Companies invested a tremendous amount of resources, time, and effort in order to comply with the requirements. It clearly improved theRead MorePersonal Audit : The Five Personal Values In Career Management1338 Words   |  6 Pagesare as follows: 1. Balance: It helps me to balance the personal and professional life. It guides me set boundaries. 2. Generosity: I believe in giving is truly living. It keeps me happy. 3. Honesty: It helps me earn the trust of many people. 4. Discipline: It keeps me stuck to rules and regulation. 5. Perseverance: It keeps me motivated to move towards to my career goal despite of failure and difficulties. Values are essential to un-clutter someone’s life (Whittaker 2016). The ways we interact andRead MoreOverview of accounting analysis1529 Words   |  7 PagesHOMEWORK 3: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. A finance student states, â€Å"I don’t understand why anyone pays any attention  to accounting earnings numbers, given that a ‘clean’ number like cash from operations is readily available.† Do you agree? Why or why not? I disagree with the finance student, because net income forecasts future cash flow and is informative. a. Net income forecasts future cash flow better than current cash flow, and does so by recording transactions associated with cash consequencesRead MoreTeaching Materials For After School Program908 Words   |  4 Pagesconsultant to close the file. What were your significant achievements and contributions this term? While doing data entry and analysis, I strengthened the skills of advance Excel and basic VBA coding. I have also got a chance to learn Simply Accounting software and how to operate it effectively. With those valuable experiences, I believe I have shown my ability to work with a minimal supervision as well as in the team environment. 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Andrew Jackson Indian Removeal Policy Essay - 1197 Words

Was Andrew Jacksons Indian Removal Policy Motivated by Humanitarian Impulses? Authors: Anthony F. C. Wallace, Robert V. Remini, A Summary By: History 2111 Summer 2011 A summary comparison of views regarding the Indian Removal Act of 1830, Was it an act of humanitarianism intended to help and save the Native American culture from the white settlers, as Robert V. Remini has argued? Or was his intent to destroy the tribal culture and to get rid of the Native Americans, as Anthony F.C Wallace has argued? Robert V. Remini argues that Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal Act of 1830 was socially motivated by humanitarian impulses, and that Jackson’s actions where driven by the desire to save the culture and populace of the Native†¦show more content†¦Jackson’s removal policy did not sit well with a lot of groups; many were uncomfortable about it but agreed it had to be done. President Jackson showed great leadership apart from everything else, and handled the Indian Removal act when no one else wanted to address the growing issue of Indian problem. Most government officials saw little to gain from addressing this and would do nothing. Some historians believe the president’s motivation was clearly out of concern for the Indians customs, their culture and their language, but his first concern was the safety of the military, Indians occupying the east might jeopardize the defense of the United States. In December of 1830 President Jackson would submitted the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek to congress, it would be the first to win Senate approval. President Jackson wanted everything to go smoothly so that the American people would see that he was humane and that this Treaty would benefit both the Indians and the American nation at large. With Jackson located too far away to oversee the actual removal of the Choctaw Nation, they would endure mismanagement, theft, corruption, and inefficiency on a level that would lead to their destruction. Jackson would be deeply offended and the removal of the Choctaw Nation would become one of the worse horror stories of modem era. Anthony F.C

CAPM and Capital Budgeting

Questions: 1.Describe the Capital Asset Pricing Model, including the assumptions underlying the theory? 2.Explain the relationship between the Security Market Line and the Capital Market Line, using diagrams and examples to illustrate your explanation? 3.Briefly set out arguments in favour of and against - the theory, outline its uses and make a critique of its underlying assumptions? 4.Identify any alternatives which have been suggested in place of CAPM? Answers: Introduction This essay carries out discussion on the capital assets pricing model (CAPM), which was developed in the early 1960s by the great economist William Sharpe (Fischer and Wermers, 2012). The CAPM mode has been an evolutionary work in the field of finance. It provided analysis of the risk with the expected return of the securities. Analyzing and incorporating the risk of securities with the expected return was a crucial work which was made possible with the evolution of the CAPM model. In this context, this essay provides discussion on the CAPM model with the coverage in depth in regards to relationship between security market line and capital market line. Moreover, the discussion extends to the critique of assumptions of CAPM model. 1.Capital Asset Pricing Model The capital asset pricing model provides for computation of expected return of security or the portfolio of securities. The expected return computed by applying the CAPM model incorporates the risk of the security which is an essential feature of the CAPM model. However, the CAPM model only incorporates the systematic risk because the unsystematic risk is treatable. The expected return by CAPM model is computed by the following formula (Fischer and Wermers, 2012): CAPM= Rf+Beta (Rm-Rf) Where Rf= Risk free rate of return Rm= Market rate of return Beta = Beta is the measure of systematic risk It could be observed that the model computes the expected return by adding market risk premium multiplied by the beta of security to the risk free rate. Thus, eventually the risk free rate is increased by the premium for the risk taken by the investor (Fischer and Wermers, 2012). The CAPM model is based on certain assumptions as outlined below: The CAPM model assumes that the investors base their decisions in regards to investment only on two factors such as expected return and the risk (Focardi and Fabozzi, 2004). Further, it assumes that the investors are rational and they do not tend to take more risk. The investments made by all the investors are for same time period (Focardi and Fabozzi, 2004). The investors can borrow and lend unlimited amount at the risk free rate. There exists perfect competition in the capital market (Focardi and Fabozzi, 2004). The use of CAPM model has been greatly admired in the field of finance. The investors may use the CAPM model in computing the desired rate of return based on which they may work out the current prices of the securities. Further, the CAMP return could also be used as the discount rate for discounting the cash flows of a project in evaluating its net present value (Sharifzadeh, 2010). 2.Relationship between the Security Market Line and the Capital Market Line There are two elements of the CAPM model such as capital market line and security market line. The capital market line and security market line both are used in finding out the efficient portfolios. However, difference between the two is that CML usages standard deviation to denote the risk while SML usages beta. The capital market line is drawn by taking standard deviation on the X-axes and expected returns on the Y-axes (Cvitanic and Zapatero, 2004). The diagram as shown below depicts the graphical presentation of the CML return: Figure 1: CML Chart (Cvitanic and Zapatero, 2004) From the chart shown above, it could be observed that the efficient frontier on the CML chart is drawn with reference to the expected return and the standard deviation. Thus, the slope of CML becomes: Rm-Rf/ Further, the security market line is nothing but just the graphical representation of the CAPM returns of different securities. The SML is drawn by taking beta of securities on the X-axes and expected returns on the Y-axes. The slope of SML becomes: Rm-Rf/ The graph showing SML return is presented below: Figure 2: SML Presentation (Lee and Su, 2014) The slope of security market line is drawn based on the premise that the systematic risk is the only concern of the investors because the unsystematic risk can be diversified. Therefore, in computing the risk and return trade off, the beta which represents the systematic risk is considered. On the other hand, the risk and return trade off is computed with reference to the standard deviation in the case of CML (Lee and Su, 2014). 3.Arguments for and against the Theory and Critique of its Underlying Assumptions The capital asset pricing model has been applied in the field of finance since many years and it has been considered as one of the most valuable finance theories. The theory establishes a linear relationship between the risk and the return. The proponents of the theory claims that the principles establish in the CAPM theory are still valid (Sharifzadeh, 2010). The theory provides a reasonable estimation of the required rate of return. Further, the proponents claim that the theory takes into account the systematic risk only which is justified because the unsystematic risk can be avoided and hence does not require any consideration. Further, it is claimed that the CAPM model is easy to use and it is widely accepted. The CAPM model provides a strong basis for computation of cost of equity. The proponents of the model claim that the CAPM model is more relevant and better than any other method for computation of cost of equity (Sharifzadeh, 2010). However, there are arguments against the CAPM model also. The opponents claim that the CAPM model is based on the unrealistic assumptions. The CAPM model takes into account only the systematic risk assuming that the investors already hold diversified portfolio and hence there does not exist unsystematic risk (Sharifzadeh, 2010). This assumption of the CAPM model does not seem to be valid because it is not possible that in all cases the investor would be holding perfectly diversified portfolios. Further, the CAPM model measures the systematic risk only based on one factor that is relative volatility of the stock to the market index. However, in order to assess the systematic risk in a detailed manner, it is essential to relate it to different factors such as gross domestic product, inflation, and beta. Thus, it is argued that the single factor model as adopted by the CAPM model for risk assessment is not adequate for the purpose; a multifactor model should be adopted (Sharifzadeh, 201 0). 4. Alternatives of CAPM The assessment of systematic risk in the CAPM model has been based on the single factor. It has been argued by the economists that measurement of the systematic risk based on the single factor is not appropriate. Therefore, an alternative to the CAPM model has been found out which is known as arbitrage pricing theory (Elton et al., 2009). The arbitrage pricing theory provides for computation of systematic risk based on the multi factor model. It is also called the multi beta model. In this model, the assessment of systematic risk is linked to multiple factors such as GDP, inflation, interest rates, and relative volatility to the market index (Elton et al., 2009). Conclusion and Recommendation The essay presented here covers a critical analysis of the capital asset pricing model. From the discussion in this essay, it has been articulated that the CAPM model provides a good basis for computation of desired rate of return. However, it has also been observed that CAPM model makes many assumptions which might be unrealistic in practical situations. Further, it could be articulated that the CAPM model does not assess the systematic risk appropriately and an alternative for this purpose has been found out as the arbitrage pricing theory (APT). The APT provides a multi factor model for computation of the systematic risk. Net Present Value of the Proposed Change Initial outflows Cost of new machine 320000 Realizable value of old machine -90000 Net outflows 230000 Loan amount $ 320,000.00 Interest 8% Period 5 EMI $80,146.07 Loan schedule: Assumed that the loan is repayable in 5 equal installments Year Opening balance Installment Interest Closing balance 1 320000 $80,146.07 25600 $265,453.93 2 $265,453.93 $80,146.07 21236.315 $206,544.18 3 $206,544.18 $80,146.07 16523.535 $142,921.65 4 $142,921.65 $80,146.07 11433.732 $74,209.32 5 $74,209.32 $80,146.07 5936.7456 $0.00 Depreciation per year Cost of machine $ 320,000.00 Depreciated to prime cost $ 50,000.00 Period 5 Depreciation $ 54,000.00 Yearly cash outflows and inflows Cash inflows Cash outflows Net cash flows Year Saving in cooling costs Tax savings on interest Tax savings on depreciation Working capital Loss of existing sales Working capital Interest 1 80,000.00 7,680.00 16,200.00 10,000.00 27,000.00 25,600.00 41,280.00 2 80,000.00 6,370.89 16,200.00 10,000.00 21,236.31 71,334.58 3 80,000.00 4,957.06 16,200.00 10,000.00 16,523.53 74,633.53 4 80,000.00 3,430.12 16,200.00 10,000.00 11,433.73 78,196.39 5 80,000.00 1,781.02 16,200.00 27,000.00 10,000.00 5,936.75 109,044.28 Calculation of present value Year Cash flows PVF@10% Present value 0 -230000 1.000 (230,000.00) 1 41,280.00 0.909 37,527.27 2 71,334.58 0.826 58,954.20 3 74,633.53 0.751 56,073.27 4 78,196.39 0.683 53,409.18 5 109,044.28 0.621 67,707.92 Net present value 43,671.85 Harry should purchase the new machine because it will provide additional benefits of $43,671.85. The net present value of replacing old machine with the new one is 43,671.85 which depicts that the alternative is advantageous References Cvitanic, J. and Zapatero, F. 2004. Introduction to the Economics and Mathematics of Financial Markets. MIT Press. Elton, E.J., Gruber, M.J., Brown, S.J., and Goetzmann, W.N. 2009. Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis. John Wiley Sons. Fischer, B.R. and Wermers, R. 2012. Performance Evaluation and Attribution of Security Portfolios. Academic Press.Focardi, S.M. and Fabozzi, F.J. 2004. The Mathematics of Financial Modeling and Investment Management. John Wiley Sons.Lee, M.C. and Su, L. 2014. Capital Market Line Based on Efficient Frontier of Portfolio with Borrowing and Lending Rate. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 2(4), pp. 69-76.Sharifzadeh, M. 2010. An Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Capital Asset Pricing Model. Universal-Publishers.

Catcher In The Rye Essays (462 words) - Literary Realism

Catcher In The Rye J.D. Salinger uses Holden Caulfield's anti-heroic characteristics to develop the theme of innocence and childhood. Holden is afraid of growing up and would prefer to remain an innocent child. He seems unable to face the responsibilities that come as one gets older. His continued flunking at school shows this. "They kicked me out. I wasn't suppose to come back after Christmas vacation, on account of I was flunking four subjects and not applying myself at all." (Page 4). School is normally where young children learn to become responsible adult members of society, but Holden rejects the values at Pency just as he did the other schools from which he was expelled. Flunking school is a way Holden can hold on to his innocence and childhood, instead of growing up. Holden's relationship with Jane Gallagher also reveals his fear of growing up. Nostalgia and fond childhood memories are pleasant for Holden. His relationship with Jane was innocent, even though they kissed; Holden informs us it wasn't on the mouth! "Then she really started to cry, and the next thing I knew, I was kissing her all over-anywhere-her eyes, her nose, her forehead, her eyebrows and all, her ears-her whole face except her mouth and all. She sort of wouold not let me get to her mouth."(Page 79). Jane represents a symbol of innocence in the eyes of Holden. Throughout the novel Holden thinks of phoning Jane, but is unable to talk to her, probably because he is afraid of spoiling this innocence and childhood he feels with her. Again this shows his fear of growing up. The second anti-heroic characteristic of Holden that develops the theme of Innocence and childhood is his childlike qualities. Holden's innocence and childlike qualities are exposed when he tries to act out his perceptions of adult behaviour. For example his initial attempts to get alcohol are unsuccessful and when he finally does get served he gets drunk and breaks his sister's present. "Then something terrible happened just as I got in the park. I dropped old Phoebe's record. It broke into about fifty pieces. It was in a big envelop and all but it broke anyway." (Page 154). The record represented the bond he had with his sister, which was pure and innocent. It was the language of music, which also bonded his memories of their childhood. His experience with the prostitute shows his innocence regarding sex. "Ya got a watch on ya?" she asked me again, and then she stood up and pulled her dress over her head. I certainly felt peculier when she did that. I mean she did it so sudden and all. I know you're supposed to feel pretty sexy when somebody gets up and pulls their dress over their head but I didn't. Sexy was about the last thing I was feeling. I felt much more depressed than sexy.

Critical Appraisal The WritePass Journal

Critical Appraisal Introduction Critical Appraisal ). This was a cohort study that used the data from a sample of 91,843 Danish mothers. It was found that 55% of the cohort abstained completely during pregnancy, whilst the rest of the cohort reported consuming alcoholic drinks during this time. The authors reported that there was a substantially increased risk of either spontaneous abortion or stillbirth in women who consumed even moderately low amounts of alcohol (2-3.5 drinks per week) before their 16th week of pregnancy. However, alcohol consumption after 16 weeks appeared not to have an effect. The introduction of this paper is extremely short, although it does manage to summarise why the study was conducted and the aim of the research is clear. The authors highlight that previous research into the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on foetal death have produced conflicting results and that there appear to be geographical trends in the outcome of such studies. Although a lack of conclusive evidence is a solid basis on which to conduct a new study, the authors do not explicitly detail why the current study will be any different and how it will seek to overcome the limitations of previous research. The Critical Appraisal Skills Progamme (CASP, www.casp-uk.net) recommends approaching critical appraisals using three steps. The first step is to assess whether the study is valid by evaluating the methodological quality. The methodology of the current study is clearly laid out and replicable. Despite this, one criticism of the methodology is the use of self-reported alcohol consumption data. Self-reported data is vulnerable to social desirability bias by which participants may withhold or fabricate certain behaviours in order to fit in to what others expectations of them. Social desirability has been found to confound reports of other health related behaviours, such as diet (Klesges et al., 2004) and physical activity (Adams et al., 2005). Using the levels of evidence hierarchy (Foster, 2011), cohort studies lay below systematic reviews and randomised control studies in their ability to avoid bias. Therefore, the study’s design helps reduce the risk of other biases that could confound the results. The statistical analysis used was the hazard ratio. This analysis calculates the ratio of the hazard rate corresponding to the two conditions of an explanatory variable (Spruance et al., 2004). In the current study, it was found that women who drank even just low levels of alcohol during pregnancy had higher hazard rates of early foetal death than those women who abstained. This is a suitable statistical analysis that answers the research question at hand. The second step in the CASP recommendations for appraising evidence is to examine the results. It is important to consider how clinically important the results are and how much uncertainty surround them. Potentially, the current study has excellent clinical utility. Firstly, the sample size was large and as a result, the findings are likely to be very representative of the population as a whole. There is some cultural bias to be aware of as the sample was collected exclusively from a Danish sample. Therefore, the results may not be generalisble to women in other countries. For example, in the UK, alcohol consumption has been found to be much higher, especially among females in their teen years (Mukherjee et al., 2005). The last step suggested by CASP is to assess whether the results are useful. The current results may certainly be useful in the area of health policy development. The knowledge that even low alcohol consumption within the first trimester of pregnancy can increase the risk of foetal death strengthens current Government guidelines that recommend that women abstain completely from alcohol during pregnancy. In the United Kingdom, the Chief Medical Officer currently advises that women should avoid alcohol altogether but that if they must drink, to consume no more than 1-2 units once or twice a week. However, the current paper suggests that just two drinks per week could increase a woman’s risk of losing the baby. Nevertheless, the conclusions drawn by the study are based on the assumption that alcohol consumption contributed to the increased risk of foetal death and should be interpreted with caution. The study did not collect data on various other variables that may have contribut ed to the increased risk, such as illegal drug use during pregnancy has been associated with foetal death (Wolfe et al., 2005). Furthermore, consumption of large quantities of caffeine (Wisborg et al., 2003) has been found to be associated with a higher risk of early foetal death. The current study collected information on coffee consumption and it was found that 32.6% of women consumed between one and seven cups of coffee during their pregnancy. Therefore, coffee consumption and not just alcohol may have had an impact on the results. In the discussion, the authors acknowledge the large number of confounding variables that may have impacted upon the study. The discussion of the study does discuss the potential usefulness of the results. However, the authors state in the introduction that discrepancy amongst previous research was a driving force behind the study but fail to discuss why or how the current study may have alleviated this issue. In conclusion, this is a reasonably strong piece of research that could contribute considerably to health policy. However, it is flawed in some key areas and so the results should be interpreted with caution. For example, if the study is to be replicated, future researchers may consider additional outcome measures that could identify participants at risk of social desirability bias. Nevertheless, the finding that even very low consumption of alcohol before the 16th week of pregnancy may contribute to early foetal death suggests that this should be further investigated as health policy may subsequently consider recommending women abstain completely from alcohol until after their 16th week. References Adams, S.A., Matthews, C.E., Ebbeling, C.B., Moore, C.G., Cunningham, J.E., Fulton, J. and Herbert, J.R. (2005) The effect of social desirability and social approval on self reports of physical activity. American Journal of Epidemiology, 161(4), pp. 389-398. Andersen, A.N., Andersen, P.K., Olsen, J., Gronbaek, M. and Strandberg-Larsen, K. (2012) Moderate alcohol intake during pregnancy and risk of fetal death. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41, pp. 405-413. Foster, N. (2011) Making sense of the evidential hierarchy. In: Carmen, A. (Ed), Assessing Evidence to Improve Population Health and Wellbeing. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Klesges, L.M., Baranowski, T., Beech, B., Cullen, K., Murray, D.M., Rochon, J. and Pratt, C. (2004) Social desirability bias in self-reported dietary, physical activity and weight concerns measures in 8-to-10-year-old African-American girls: results from the Girls health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS). Preventative Medicine, 38, pp. 78-87. Mukherjee, R.A.S., Hollins, S., Abou-Saleh, M.T. and Turk, J. (2005) Low level alcohol consumption and the fetus. British Medical Journal, 330(7488), pp. 375-376. Spruance, L.S., Reid, J.E., Grace, M. and Samore, M. (2004) Hazard ratio in clinical trials. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48(8), pp. 2787-2792. Wisborg, K., Kesmodel, U., Bech, B.H., Hedegaard, M. and Henriksen, T.B. (2003) Maternal consumption of coffee during pregnancy and stillbirth and infant death in first year of life: prospective study. British Medical Journal, 326, pp. 420. Wolfe, E.L., Davis, T., Guydish, J. and Delucchi, K.L. (2005) Mortality risk associated with perinatal drug and alcohol use in California. Journal of Perinatlogy, 25, pp. 93-100.

Sexually transmitted diseases in teens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sexually transmitted diseases in teens - Essay Example More than 30 new cases of STDs are diagnosis each day in Florida. Accordingly, 66 percent of the diagnosed cases involve peopled aged between 15 to 24 years. The County has a high sexual activity among teens and more than 50 percent of the high schools teens are sexually active. 16 percent of the teenagers have multiple sex partners while 30 percent do not use condom during condoms during sexual intercourse (National Coalition of STD Directors, 2013). Surprisingly, 93 percent of the teenagers surveyed did not use any birth control methods while about 20 percent did not receive any formal education related to prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Sexual activity among teens has increased the vulnerability to STDs, emotional distress and unwanted pregnancies. Miami-Dade STDs prevention efforts entail clinical services, surveillance, diagnosis and treatment of the reportable cases and community relations. The health department has gone further to implement awareness, events and research initiatives in curtailing new infections. There is also testing outside the public clinics, referrals and partners services for the infected persons (National Coalition of STD Directors, 2013). ... rch and other partner organizations in promoting regular HIV testing among the population, improving the public awareness on HIV and reducing the new of new infections (Heath, 2013). This initiative has enabled unique populations access HIV testing and reduce the stigma and discrimination against the HIV-positive individuals. Antiretroviral access training and peer education programs have enhanced the positive response towards testing and prevention of STDs (Heath, 2013). Target approach and nursing interventions Miami-Dade Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) control and prevention aims at reducing the incidence of STDs through screening, testing and diagnosis. The program also ensures prophylactic treatment and offers counseling to sexual partners. Surveillance efforts are conducted in order to ensure reportable STDs to either private or public health care providers. The private and public laboratories, health care providers and physicians are expected by the law to report positive STDs such as HIV and Syphilis to the MDCHD on daily basis (Heath, 2013). These cases are supposed to be reported to the State Health Office and Centers of Diseases Control and Prevention. In 2008, Miami-Dade County improved youth access to prevention and treatment services through providing school-based STD screening in public high schools (Heath, 2013). The nursing interventions have ensured that HIV-positive men especially White, Black and Hispanic men who have sex with other men are informed and screened for rectal gonorrhea and Chlamydia by the health care providers. This nursing intervention is common in areas such as Little Haiti, South Beach and Liberty City (Heath, 2013). Accordingly, HIV-positive pregnant women living in areas such as South Beach and Overtown are provided with