How Men Are Portrayed in Music Essay

The art of music is one of mankind’s greatest contributions to society. With the start of the twenty-first century music has become a very controversial subject. With swear words and harsh portrayals being the fad for many hipsters and rap artists human dignity has become a low priority. Both men and women are made out to be objects, trash, and indecent. With girl bands and female pop musicians on the raise stereotypes come into play. The main way that men are perceived is as ‘Boy Toys,’ ‘Cheaters,’ and ‘Fairytales‘. All of these portrayals will be discussed and analyzed to learn why men are made out to be the way they are, what makes these songs so catchy, and how men feel being portrayed the way they are. â€Å"Let’s have some fun, this beat is sick, I wanna take a ride on your disco stick, don’t think to much just thrust that stick I wanna take a ride on you disco stick,† (Love Game, Lady Gaga.) Is the lyric coming from the back of a young girls convertible, driving down Hollywood Boulevard. Does she stop and question if this song is appropriate or sanitary for her little sister? The answer is no because everywhere the fresh beat from the controversial Lady Gaga is playing. The cult favorite quickly lit up airways all over the globe and why? Because of the strong beat and catchy chorus, no one has stopped to analyze the effect it could have on the male population. This particular song depicts an image of a women being very forward and promiscuous towards an unsuspecting male. This is the first of many examples of songs viewing men as nothing more then a one night stand. Society does not want to look at gentlemen in this light because it’s uncomfortable and embarrassing for men to be sought out to be damsels in distress. Like women, there are also men that sell their bodies for money. Unlike women, they are less up front about in. In Las Vegas there are no little business cards handed out with scantily clad male pictures on them with a pimps phone number, on the other hand if someone wanted that kind of service, in todays times they wouldn’t have to look far to get it. Another example of a singer using the abuse of men to sell out is none other than intense success story, Ke$ha. â€Å"I don’t care where you live at just turn around let me hit that, don’t be a little b**ch with your chit chat, just show me where your d*cks at,† is the memorable lyric to Blah Blah Blah, which shares the same reasons for success that Love Game does. A result of such songs is boys feeling the need to be a tall, dark, and handsome guy with an eight-pack which for most twelve year olds, is an unreasonable goal. Boys deal with the same pressures as girls; they got to keep up their grades, play sports, do chores, and other responsibilities and to top it all off hormones are recking havoc. If they happen to be different in any way shape or form they are made fun of and ridiculed. Without good friends, life feels like prison. This problem is caused by artists that feel the need to compare themselves to everyone else. This problem not only affects big cities like Vancouver, but small towns like Fort Nelson. Last year, a class of grade seven boys were flat out refusing to eat lunch, as a result a self esteem building program was put in place to convince the kids that eating was not wrong at that developmental age eating large portions is okay. Other rude and nasty songs telling the world men are nothing but sex toys and accessories is wrong. Part of the problem lies within ourselves. What do songs like Peacock by Katy Perry make them so addicting? For instance the repeat chorus applies to us as well as the beat, â€Å"I wanna see your peacock, cock, cock, Your peacock, cock, Your peacock, cock, cock, Your peacock I wanna see it.† Another valid reason is this music is so inappropriate that we rebel a little when we hear it, â€Å"Come on baby let me see whatchu hidin‘ underneath.† In conclusion, my question to songwriters that support people selling themselves, being taken advantage of, as well as making it all appear glamourous; how do you think these lyrics are perceived? How does a father feel when he hears his daughter singing â€Å"I am a boy hunter, I need a boy tonight,† (Boyhunter , Skye Sweetam.) Or an elder minding his own business when a gas guzzling Hummer drives by with Dinasoar by Ke$ha comes blaring out? The answer is sad and awkward and a sense of longing for the days when belts were worn and hats were taken off we they entered buildings. People talk and discuss about things that apply to them. Most writers write about personal experiences, the same goes for singers. As humans, we dwell on bad experiences rather then good ones. Making songs about your ex more popular than ones about your true love. The song Before he Cheats by Carrie Underwood comes to mind as a great example of cheating and revenge, â€Å"I dug my key into the side of pretty little souped up four wheel drive, carved my name into his leather seats†¦ I took a Louisville slugger to both headlights, slashed a hole in all four tires†¦ Maybe next time he’ll think before he cheats†. Cheating occurs in a relationship when one party is upset or unsatisfied with the other and finds someone else to fill those needs. This act is looked down upon and hurts everyone involved. In music, cheaters are mostly viewed as men and when the girl does the deed, the so called ‘other man’ is the one to blame, â€Å"What’s her name, whats she like, does she know that you’ll never treat her right,† (Ghosts, Phoebe Dobson.) These players get cocky and in the end, like a serial killer, mess up, â€Å"You should of known that word, of what you did would hurt and get back to me,† (Should’ve Said No, Taylor Swift.) Men who are faithful probably perceive these songs as disrespectful and hurtful, but with legends like Tiger Woods and A-list celebs like Jessie James, songs of this theme are becoming more and more common. We relate to these songs because everyones been through a bad break up and when you’re feeling like no body understands you, the right playlist is the right cure for a broken heart. With all the hate and injustice in the world, there has to be some happiness too, or life not worth it. Finding you’re true love makes every other relationship irrelevant. The lock around your heart has found it’s key. Finding your soul mate is and discovering your truly not alone is the greatest feeling in the world. So why not describe it in song format? A good example of a singer who does this on a regular basis is country superstar, Taylor Swift. With the numerous awards and best selling singles, sharing her experiences was a very good idea, â€Å"Today was a fairytale, you were the prince, I was the damsel in distress, you took me by the hand and you picked me up at six today was a fairytale,† (Fairytale, Taylor Swift.) Some men don’t think these songs have merit and are too girly for them, but then why do they listen to them over and over? I think that being viewed as someone’s one and only is what make life worth all the struggles. Finding ‘the one’ makes you stop questioning â€Å"that theres’ gotta be somebody for me like that,† (Gotta be Somebody, Nickelback.) What makes this portrayal so popular is that society has taught us that finding your one and only is the ultimate goal. On the other hand, from a scientists point of view, not finding your soul mate and not having children is the worst thing imaginable because that implies that you’ll be erased from the gene pool making you existent come to a completely end. All men need someone to guide them, and give themselves over to without feeling worried or lost. When someone gives their mind, body, and soul over to you, the sun is brighter, the sky is bluer, and the birds sing louder, â€Å"let’s go all the way tonight, no regrets, just love, we can dance until we die, you and I will be young forever!† (Teenage Dream, Katy Perry.) Chivalry may be dead, but happily ever afters are still possible, â€Å"the planets all alined, when you looked into my eyes, and just like that, watch the chemicals react,† (Chemicals React, Aly & A.J.) Music gives us life, makes us feel surrounded and alive. Portraying every emotion, every event in our shared history. Giving men scoldings when they are weak and praise when they truly accomplish something. Without these songs, how could we express ourselves and convince the inner soul that falling head over heals for someone you just met is not crazy, but part of life. As with any literacy work there is truth to all the views; some men are used, some are scum, but once in you find Mr. Right and the world keeps on spinning. â€Å"So maybe it true, I can’t live without you, and maybe two is better then one, but theres so much time, to figure out the rest of my life, and you’ve already got me comin’ undone, and thinkin’, two is better than one,† (Two is Better than One, Boys Like Girls Feat. Taylor Swift.)

Health Care Marketing Reflection Essay

Health care marketing is the new approach to public health; it is an industry that keeps growing as health care trends frequently change. The internet has changed health care a we know it social media website have been reported as the most effective tool to the marketing approach especially for pharmaceutical companies who have pop-up ads on just about every site consumers visit. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on marketing techniques, what types of trends that are being used and how they are used, how they are affecting consumer trends, and the negative and positive affects of the current techniques. Types of marketing trends Direct to consumer pharmaceutical trends have become increasing popular to promote products to health care facilities, providers, and patients. While there are many approaches and techniques used in the DTC pharmaceutical trend, the most effective are; â€Å"help seeking ad† which have been know to provide patients with medical information about a specific illness and advises consumers to contact there health care provider for more information but does not mention type of product, another is the â€Å"reminder ad† which often mentions type of product, name, dosage, strength, and price, the most commonly used trend is the â€Å"product claim ad† which will include the product name and it’s indication, safety claims, and efficacy (Ventola, 2011). The trends are being used to promote a variety pharmaceutical products regulated and approved by the FDA for people who may suffer from various illnesses the product was create to manage such as depression, chronic pain, heart disease, and respiratory diseases. Current health care marketing techniques and trends The internet has become and effective technique for health care marketing  because of it large data base, it has influenced many health professional in there decisions on medication management in addition to what other products are available to manage health issues. The internet has allowed consumers to research pharmaceutical companies and get information about products, the side affects of its use, and its effectiveness. The marketing trend and techniques of health care marketing on the internet has offered variety and convenience to patients and providers and have influenced more patients to actively become more involved managing their health by researching pharmaceutical information and discussing it with their health care provider. Are current techniques affecting consumer trends? There are many challenges associated with the pharmaceutical marketing techniques that can both influence and affect consumer trends, for example the accelerating of health care spending on advertising to promote the products, cost of the products, escalated or new found illnesses related to the side affects of the product, advertising of incorrect information, product not approved by the FDA but already being advertised, and the most common, the products not being covered by insurance companies. Although these challenges exist, they will not have a significant impact on consumer trends. Positive or Negative affects of current techniques and trends? Current techniques and trends can have both a positive and a negative affect, primarily based on how the product is being marketing and to whom. Direct to consumer pharmaceutical advertising as previously mentioned uses a variety of techniques for promoting products, a negative affect would be promoting and allowing trial use of non FDA approved products, which can lead to chronic or major health issues, a positive affect can be consumer driven approach to encourage others to talk with there physician about a product used that helped with a current medical condition. The same would apply to internet marketing trends, they could be both positive and negative affects based on how the information is researched and documented. Conclusion The internet approach to current trends of health care marketing establishes new and creative ways for pharmaceutical companies to advertise there products related to current health care and consumer trends, the internet has helped to influence health care providers decisions for medication  manage along with researching other available products to help with a variety of health conditions, it has provided opportunities for consumers to learn about pharmaceutical companies and the products they advertise. As trends change challenges will occur, how well pharmaceutical adjust and change there marketing techniques will determine there success in the health care industry. Reference Ventola, C. L. (2011, October). Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising. Pharmacy and Theraputics, 36(10), 669-674, 681-684. doi:PMC3278148

History of olympic games Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

History of olympic games - Term Paper Example stivals, and by universal agreement, the best.†(12) What athletic prowess has to do with nakedness is not clear from the scientific perspective, and it is mostly an issue of faith. The system in vogue then was, the Spartan messages were particularly carried by naked runners and they ran between the city-states. Travel light was one of the purposes of their nakedness and also to prove that they did not carry anything unlawful except the message. Thus they were able to run one hundred miles in one day, ensuring the speedy delivery of the messages. Training athletes began with gymnastic exercises a month before the Olympics were to commence. Total nakedness was considered as homage to the gods and gratitude for the male form. It was sort of a security check that women camouflaged as males did not participate in the games. The procedure at the starting point of the race differed much as compared to the present practice in vogue. Twenty contenders stood erect with their arms extended in front of them. The race would be re-run, if the first resulted in a tie. Peace was the watchword during the ancient Olympic Games. It was known as â€Å"ekecheiria†, meaning â€Å"holding of hands.† Safety of the competitors and spectators was assured and all wars, mutual threats and capital punishment stood suspended during the course of games. The ancient Olympic Games were linked to warfare as per the specially adopted procedure. The participants would run 800 yards in full body armor. Thus it was a competition of strength clubbed with speed. That was also to remind all concerned about the physical demands of warfare. In the 3nd century AD, virgins were allowed entry to the Olympic Games as spectators. But for the married women traced watching the game, it was inviting death. They would be thrown off the cliff at Mount Trypeum. Punishment for cheating was almost instant. Judges carried a switch to beat the frauds they were able to catch. Those who indulged in malpractices were

Why Should Eveline Stay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why Should Eveline Stay - Essay Example Her father was an alcoholic who was so violent upon getting drunk. This poses the life of Eveline at risk at some times and forces her to look for ways of escaping to another country in order to detach herself from the persistent problems (Franz, 21). The social problems makes Eveline to take moments and ponder over the question of escaping to a far country with her friend and lover named Frank. However, another problem sets in. she is convinced that if she escapes, she would not have solved the perennial domestic problems at home. In addition, she will have given herself even more problems since coping up in an entirely new environment is a challenge. This follows that one does not exactly know what problems and challenges await in such a foreign environment. Therefore, this makes the part of decision-making become difficult with regards to Eveline’s perspective. However, she decides to stay and face the problems, as has always been the case. There are several reasons to justify the fact that Eveline should stay. First of all, Eveline herself is depicted as having many strong ties to her native home. There are several responsibilities that can emerge following the fact that Eveline was the only daughter in her family. Therefore, Eveline played key roles in ensuring that those responsibilities are carried out effectively. Thus, escaping from her home would mean that several of such responsibilities would not have been carried out. This follows that her mother was not around to take all the responsibilities. This follows that her father could not take any responsibility and making him do so would be like inviting more troubles to the whole family because of his violent nature. Therefore, Eveline had to stay in order to ensure that she takes good care of the two children. Again staying with her mother made her get motherly care and favor. This is so crucial in the development of human beings no matter

Labour rights for illegal immigrants Research Paper

Labour rights for illegal immigrants - Research Paper Example They are forced to work with unscrupulous employers for pittance, denied all benefits and allowances, including holidays and overtime pay, and made to live in constant and morbid fear of being caught and deported back to their countries of origin. Since they are marginalized and without support, they are often exploited by employers who use them as cheap laborers with little reward for their hard and arduous labor. Research Hypothesis: This paper will focus on the increasing number of immigrants that are specifically coming into the United States and the roles they play; both the positive and negative aspects of life in this country as well as to the significant reasons why they need to be supported by the native people here. Introduction: The US has always been a land of great opportunities for people coming from other underdeveloped countries of the world. Thousands of immigrants flock into the US in order to seek a better deal for themselves and their families and to get rid off p overty back home. â€Å"Individuals generally choose to emigrate to countries that are more technologically advanced, have greater resources and offer more opportunities† (Illegal Immigration 2010). But there are several risks and challenges involved. They think that entry into the United States is an end to all their poverty and misery and the start of a new and happy life for them as well as their families. However, the reality is just the opposite, as soon they start to realize that their problems have just begun, in terms of challenging work situations, risks of getting caught and deported and being marginalized in all walks of life when compared with native inhabitants. But the truth of the matter is that over America’s eventful history, the contribution of immigrants in this country has been immense. Most of the people who inhabit the United States have been immigrants at one time or the other, and it is only the North American Indians who could truly and justly call themselves the original inhabitants of this country. All others are immigrants who were lucky to gain immigration status over the course of time. It is believed that there are at least 10 million illegal Immigrants in the United States and their figures are increasing with each passing day. They are mostly employed in works, which require little education and less efficient skill sets. â€Å"Illegal immigrants make up a significant portion of the workforce in key industries. 1.4 million are employed in leisure and hospitality with another 1.7 million in construction and 1.0 million in manufacturing. In addition undocumented worker make up 25% of the total workforce in farming† (Legalization Has Many Perceived Benefits 2010). â€Å"It has accommodated an expanding labor supply that today includes 1.5 million immigrants per year whose spending on housing and consumer goods helps stimulate the economy and increase the demand for still more labor† (Immigration: impact on U.S. economy 2010). However, in true fairness to the immigrants, it should be said that they are contributing a lot to the economic development and progress of this nation, in all major areas of business, commerce and trade. â€Å"Illegal immigration into the United States is a highly profitable proposition for both employers and the U.S. government, and it also benefits Mexico, which

The Role of Baptism in the Book of Acts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Role of Baptism in the Book of Acts - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Pentecostals and many charismatics employ Lukan biblical theology as the correct methodology for understanding Spirit-baptism. According to their exegetical findings, the Day of Pentecost was an empowering event that is theologically separate from and subsequent to conversion. Moreover, "pattern of Pentecost" exists for subsequent events in Acts as well as for all believers throughout the church age. However, some consider the exegetical abilities of Pentecostals as one of their greatest weaknesses. In an attempt to investigate the role of baptism in the book of Acts, this paper will explore the prospect of Acts 2:37-39 serving as a paradigm for understanding Luke's account of Spirit-baptism. This text has several features that make it worthy of consideration. First, this text has a close proximity to the events of Pentecost, for it is situated at the conclusion of Peter's sermon. Second, the response given to those who inquired comes fr om a leading apostle who had just been "filled with the Holy Spirit". Third, it is the only didactic passage in Acts that contains the element of repentance, water baptism, and the gift of the Spirit. These three features are also found in subsequent corporate texts of Act. Thus, in the narrative of a text of Acts, in which the corporate passages that record Spirit-baptism are non-normative, including the sequence of repentance, water baptism, and the giving of the Spirit, Acts 2:37-39 appears to be the most normative text available. "Though the Pentecostal movement began in humble obscurity,.. it has grown to become a major force within Christendom." Pentecostalism is not only recognized as the most powerful revival movement of the twentieth century, in the estimation of some, it has surpassed the classification of "a mere passing movement" and can legitimately be called a major Christian tradition, second in size only to the Roman Catholic Church. Statistics reveal that "Pentecost alism is therefore fast becoming the dominant expression of Christianity and one of the most extraordinary religious phenomena in the world of any time." Pentecostals credit this phenomenal growth to their understanding of Spirit-baptism which, along with signs and wonders, is their spiritual heartbeat. The Pentecostal movement eventually led to the beginning of the new-Pentecostal movement, which is commonly referred to as the charismatic movement or charismatic renewal. Though the charismatic movement is comprised of both mainland Protestants and Roman Catholics, the beginning of these parts of the movement is separated by about seven years. It resembles Pentecostalism in that dual emphases on the baptism in the Spirit and the miraculous lie at the heart of the movement. However, the charismatic movement differs from Pentecostalism, not only in its understanding of Spirit-baptism but also in that several competing interpretations of this doctrine are simultaneously held within the movement.

Pedagogics as a System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pedagogics as a System - Essay Example The teachers play an important role in achieving the desired knowledge as the teacher acts as the moderator and motivator so that the learners would be challenged to explore beyond what is expected. If I have my own personal website and I will be permitted to use it as an instructional module to teach my students, I will utilize it to ensure that a free flow of idea is achieved. The website instruction will not have the limitations of time unlike in the classroom. It should be noted that discussions made in the classroom are cut short thus the discourse is likewise abruptly concluded which impedes the free flow of ideas. The internet and this website will not pose such restrictions but rather everybody can contribute or give his own thoughts and ideas for academic discussion in his own time and pace. The website can also be a means to give essay homework, and be used as the mode of submission for the students. The website can equally be used to provide additional links to websites that will contribute to the discussion if not materials that can be used to provide alternative knowledge distinct from the ones provided by the school. With each student given a unique login ID and password combination to establish their identity, their grades can also be viewed conveniently and privately as well as their class standing. The website can also be a means to provide historical views of the discussion made by past classes on the same subject in order not to repeat the same point of view. There would also be instances where the position of current students can be stressed or supported by the discussions of the students in past classes. In this way, a more mature and intelligent discussion can be achieved since old arguments which have already been presented in the past will be limited thus the mind shall be challenged to offer new ideas and concepts for discourse.

Money and banking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Money and banking - Research Paper Example Despite the government’s efforts to prevent the collapse of the banking system, it did not successfully restore economic growth; the United States entered a deep recession in December 2007 that extended up to June 2009 (Kroszner and Melick 6). FED used the three tools of monetary control: open market operation, reserve requirement, and discount rate to counteract the progression of the financial crisis. Figure 1: The Graph showing the financial crisis between 2007 and 2007 (Source: Gowland 33) The graph above shows that there was constant recession between 2007 and 2009. Financial recovery began to be experienced as from march 2009. Open market operation The most appropriate monetary policy that was used to counter the financial crisis of 2007-2009 constituted the increase the monetary base. Open market operation (OMO) is an instrument of monetary policy, which involves selling and purchasing of marketable securities (Stock and Mark 11). These transactions are conducted in the open market by the central bank as an instrument of controlling the monetary system. Open market operations target the cash balances of held by commercial banks and other non-bank financial institutions including their tills and in relation to their excess reserves at the central bank. The central bank sells its holdings of the government securities to commercial banks to reduce excess reserve held by commercial banks. When the central bank anticipates liquidity deficiency, it injects additional liquidity by purchasing from the existing stock of the government securities. Decreasing the monetary base during the 2007-2009 financial crisis involved the reduced supply of credit, which was used to facilitate the adjustments in financial market in order to achieve equilibrium in money demand and supply. The Federal Reserve had to sell large quantities of securities that were necessary to achieve decreased supply of credit (Stock and Mark 22). Fed would also sold high-quality securities to minimize Fed’s credit risk and the public would be informed that the expansion in the monetary base is temporary; thus, the composition of Federal Reserve’s balance sheet and size of the monetary base would be restored to normal after financial markets and economic activity begin to normalize. The Federal Reserve used the tool of open market operations with an objective of supporting proper functioning of credit markets, reduce the pressure on long-term financial markets and make financial conditions accommodative by selling long-term securities for the Fed’s portfolio. Figure 2: The Open Market Operations Graph (Source: Stock and Mark 21) i represents the nominal rate of interest, Dm represents money demanded and Ds represents the money supplied. The Federal Reserve varies the rates of interest to ensure maintenance of demand and supply of money with the aim of preventing financial crises. Discount Rate The second tool of monetary control that Fed used durin g the financial crisis is the discount rate. Under this policy, the bank can borrow reserves from the Federal Reserve at their discount windows (Stock and Mark 18). These rates are set by the Boards of Directors of the Reserve Banks, but the rates must be subjected to determination and review by the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Rese

Does induce Therapeutic Hypothermia Impact Neurologic Function and Research Paper

Does induce Therapeutic Hypothermia Impact Neurologic Function and Improve Patients Outcome post cardiac arrest - Research Paper Example Cardiac arrest is one of the medical conditions, which are known to result into low or insufficient blood flow into the body of a patient. The process of executing therapeutic hypothermia on patients involves the use of a catheter, which is placed in the inferior vena cava through the femoral veins in the legs through a method known as invasive therapeutic hypothermia. Non-invasive therapeutic hypothermia involves an external application of a blanket that is made extremely cold by water. Strict adherence to the therapeutic hypothermia has been proved to reduce the level of risks for ischemic brain injuries that patients under such conditions of insufficient blood supply are exposed to. The development of therapeutic hypothermia to help reduce the levels of risks that patients recovering from cardiac arrest are exposed was developed by Greek physician Hippocrates when he advocated for the packing of wound soldiers in snow ice, a form of non-invasive therapeutic hypothermia. Studies in to the application of therapeutic hypothermia in modern medicine began in 1945 when the first publication on the topic was made as documented by Storm, Steffen and Schefold, (2008). This paper will evaluate how induced therapeutic hypothermia affects the neurological functions and help post cardiac arrest patients recover. The impacts of the practice in reducing the development ischemic injury in cardiac arrest patients will also be evaluated. Literature review The aftermaths of cardiac arrest involves neurological injuries, which results into impairment of oxygen flow into the brain, causes anaerobic metabolism in the brain. As stated by Riana, Abella and Mary, (2006), anaerobic metabolism disrupts adenosine triphosphate dependent cellular pumps, which lead to generation of excess calcium and glutamate in the excretions. This results into excitation of the brain, which magnifies hypoxemia resulting into mitochondrial and cellular death. Disruption of blood brain barrier results int o initial injury resulting into increased fluid flow into the brain resulting into worsens state of cerebral edema. This is exactly how persistent cardiac arrest result into increased level of neurological defects, a condition that can be arrested using therapeutic hypothermia. The application of therapeutic hypothermia results into counteractions of the neuroexcitations in the brain cells through process that stabilize the calcium and glutamate release resulting into decreased apoptosis in the brain. It also acts to stabilize the blood brain barrier resulting into reduced flow of fluids into the brain tissues thus reducing the instances of developing cerebral edema. Therapeutic hypothermia thus reduces the destructive mechanisms of cardiac arrest thus reducing the damaging impacts it may produce to the brain and the central nervous system according to Tsai, Barbut and Wang, (2008a). Based on Matthias, Fries and Rossaint (2012), therapeutic hypothermia is done following a three phas e procedure, which includes induction, maintenance and re-warming which must be done under controlled environments to prevent potential adverse effects of the procedure. The induction phase enables the attainment of a patient’s target body temperature within the shortest time possible. This is done using solid ice packs, ice lavage or even

Leadership Matrix and Decision Making Assignment

Leadership Matrix and Decision Making - Assignment Example Assessment of leadership through decision-making ability is a complex and sensitive activity, which can be done through appropriate questioning and drawing leaders’ viewpoints and plans of action in different scenarios. Following is a set of questions with all possible answers/options that different leaders may choose with respect to areas requiring critical decision making such as delegation of authority, involving group members in a decision-making process, and focus on driving results. Based on these questions and the matrix, leaders scoring highest on option-a (strongly agree) can be termed as effective decision makers. These leaders possess good people management skills; they motivate people through involvement in the decision-making process; they create accountability for decisions made. These leaders maintain the integrity and set the right example to the group members by doing the right thing. Servant leadership is more of service than of leadership itself. Such leaders are committed to people through their work, and fully accept their responsibility and accountability for their job. These leaders tend to be highly transparent in their views, possess great willingness to learn, and possess the high sense of honesty and integrity. These leaders value the differences that may exist and work in collaboration with the group. These leaders work proactively towards their vision. Servant leaders possess the insight and ability to make important decisions, allocate resources and decision making authority by empowering others to act for the betterment of people and the organization. Their focus on relationships helps them gain the better understanding of their people, which in turn ensures appropriate empowerment. These leaders are self-motivated, and they bring a lot of emotions in their surroundings to build a strong team for the organization. Servant leaders believe in inclusive working style, i.e. they involve other members of the group in critical areas of work.

Hydroelectric in Philippines Essay Example for Free

Hydroelectric in Philippines Essay It is known to us that energy become more and more important to human beings. People can not live without energy. They use energy everywhere, but pew of them can give a clear definition of it. Because of people’s widely use, the energy on the earth reduces steadily, people are trying o find the energy which can be renewable. Energy is the thing which has the ability to work. It can be stored or be a poverty of an objects motion. It can move from one object to another, and defines the capacity of system to do work. Obviously, renewable energy is the energy which can be used over and over again, from natural sources. There are so many renewable energy people use nowadays. For example, they use solar energy, the wind and the hydro power. From year 1981 to 1991, renewable energy developed very fast, and the following text may concentrate on the hydro power. Hydro power is the energy driven by water turbine, People always use it to produce electricity. The falling water drives the turbines, and the turbines in turns to drive the generators. Then the generators translate the turbines’ mechanical energy into electricity. The hydrologic cycle produces neither atmospheric nor the normal pollution. Hydro power has been used since ancient time, and is can be used for grinding floor and performing other tasks. In 1878, the world’s first hydroelectric station was developed in NORTHUNLAND, and by 20th century, it become the largest part of renewable energy all over the world. Everything has two faces. Though the hydroelectric has a lot of advantages, for its low cost and low pollution, still it has some disadvantages. In some Asian countries, like Philippines and China, people can see the hydroelectric production clearly by year. There are some hydroelectric stations which are typical in these countries. Like the Bela in Philippines and the Three Gorges Dam in China. What’s more, we can also know something about the development of hydroelectric in these countries. The following text will give more details about the hydroelectric production, the hydroelectric stations and the future development of hydroelectric in Philippines and China. Body: â…  .Hydropower production by year Since the first Edison hydroelectric power plant begin to use in 1882, September 30th, (industry archive logy review, 1987), hydroelectric become fast developing. During 1981 to 1991, it developed very fast. It can be seen clearly that hydroelectric become more and more important in human’s daily life, and also they can see the trend of development of hydroelectric in Philippines and China. In Philippines, people can get the information directly from the line chart that there was a fluctuation in it. It produced about 3.8 billion KWH in 1980, and had a tiny increase reached at 4 billion. Then it fell back to 2 billion KWH in 1983 and raised again. It has risen steadily from year 1983 to year 1986, from 2 billion KWH to 6billion KWH. Things looked the same from then on, but the trend is increasing. By the year 2003, the production of hydroelectric power was more than 10 billion KWH. After that, it remained steadily, by the year 2010, the production of hydroelectric was 9.8 billion KWH. Hydroelectric in Philippines takes 19% of all electricity consumption and the rate constant for decades. (Bronuyn-W, 1998) However, in China, the hydroelectric production grows steadily. It has risen from 80 billion KWH in 1980 to more than 300 billion KWH in 2003. People can predict from the line chart that it will be a more and more part of energy in Chinese electric production. It takes about 49% of all the renewable energy in China. (World Institute, 2010) Hydroelectric is very important, not only in these two countries, but also all over the world. In Democracy Republic of Congo, Paraguay and Brazil, hydroelectric takes 85% of their electric. In the USA, more than 50% of electric comes from it. That means hydroelectric really plays an important role in people’s life. â… ¡.Examples of the hydro electric station For the reason that hydroelectric really take a great part in electric production, there are some hydroelectric plants which are typical in Philippines and China. In Philippines, the AGUS-â… ¡ station may be the earliest one. It located on Lanow del Sur. The operator of it is National Power Corp. It can produce 3*60 MW Francis and still it can be used though it was been built in 1979. The BELEA, which is the biggest one in Philippines is located on Negros Occidental. It has been built in 2008, and can produce 1*39 KW crossflow. The operator of the BELEA is WINROCK international-preview Negrs. In China, the Three Gorges Dam should not be missing. It began to built when in December 1994, and was finish in May 2006. It is expected to produce 18.2 billion pound watts, and it is the biggest hydroelectric station in China. In 2008, October, all the equipment in the Three Gorges Dam were put into use. Evidently, it dose solve the electric-short in eastern China. Another hydroelectric station in China which usually be ignored is call XIN’AN River Station. It was built in 1957 and finished in 1960. It is the first station China designed and built itself. It has been working for more than 50 years and it can produce 1.96 billion KWH per year. â… ¢ .The influence to Environment and People Everything has two sides, no exception for the hydroelectric station. As stated in the previous paragraph, the hydroelectric station has some bad effects. Generally, the disadvantages can be listed as follows. For the reason there are so many hydroelectric station on Changjiang river, there will take it for example. The most direct impact of cascade reservoirs is that continuity of river is break. Though it may make people have more place for cultivation, it may caused some endangered species died out. It will damage the habitat of the fish even the HUCHO BLEEKERI, a kind of rare fish has already died out. The disappearing of the species may affect the structure and balance of entire ecosystem. In some places, to build a reservoir will make the effiency of water utilization, anyway, the flood and low-flow process of ricers is weakered at the same time. Because of that, some species which live based on it may be damaged. The construction of large-soale will produce obvious impact on the habitat since reservoir impoundment. Because of the slow down speed of the rivers in reservoir area, the water receiving sewage ability and self-purification capacity will reduce. Besides, many floodplain is submerged by reservoir, it will cause the problem that may farmland will lose. The hydroelectric station also has the influence to the climate. It will impact on the temperature, the rain fall and so on. Moreover, it may induce geological such as earthquake and landslide. â… £ Future development of hydroelectric Though the hydroelectric stations have some bad effects, anyway people now are trying to develop it. It has several advantages. It has the low power cost. It is known to people that many plants can service for 50 to 100 years. It is much cheaper than fossil fuels. It can also reduce the CO2 emission which makes contribution to alleviate the green house effect. And it is suitable for industrial application and flexiable to use. What is more, it also provide facilities for water sports, and some plants even become tourist attractions themselves. In all, people are coming to realize the importance of hydroelectric. They have begun to try their best to develop it. It can be predicted that the hydroelectric will develop faster and faster, not only in Philippines or China, but also around the world.

Benefits of Training Employees in an Organization

Benefits of Training Employees in an Organization The aim of this paper is to identify all there is to know about training, the impact it has on both firms and employees and then, the reason why, although it is beneficial provision to business growth, still some organisations and individuals are not willing to accept the idea of investing in training and development. In order to come to that claim, it is necessary to mention first the cost-effectiveness of training and development, by which methods it can be reinsured, and the involvement of training in an organisations prosperity and even more, when it has to do with the integration in a international market. To begin properly, it should be noticed that training at any level and in whatever form this can take, could have only positive aspect. Considering that, training means investing in people to enable them perform better and to empower them to make the best use of their natural abilities (Armstrong, 1996; 2003). Through the practice of a range of activities, it is believed that learning is an important clue here, as a means for developing a high performance culture and achieving businesss competitive advantage (Pieper, 1990, Salaman, 1992, Tyson, 1996). This appear clearly from the below definitions of training. According to Heevy and Noon (2001), training is the process of changing the skills, attitudes, and knowledge of employees with the purpose of improving their level of competence. It is a planned process, usually involving a series of stages where incremental improvements can be identified. It takes two main focus 1) on the job training whereby an employee observing the tasks, being guided through them by experts, and then practising them. 2) Off the job training whereby an employee is instructed away from the place of work, either in a training room on the premises or at a separate location. This training is more often theory based and might even take the form of self learning packages (Heevy and Noon, 2001). Furthermore, as Manpower Services Commission defined training in 1981, it is the following: A planned process to modify attitude, knowledge or skill behavior through learning experience to achieve effective performance in an activity or range of activities. Its purpose, in the w ork situation, is to develop the abilities of the individual and to satisfy the current and future manpower needs of the organization. Seeing the definition of the training from the perspective of education as Smith put it: Development refers to the growth of realization of a persons ability, through conscious or unconscious education, where education is activities which aim at developing the knowledge, skills, moral values and understanding required in all aspects of life, rather than a knowledge and skill relating to only a limited field of activity (Smith, 1992). Besides the definition of training, the mention of the potential benefits for both employees and firms and from which methods these are derived, is essential in order to understand why training is so important for the business (Lonr, 1990, Murray, 2007). It is worthwhile to point that it cannot be any development without the training procedure. As it has already been mentioned, training aims to develop employees competences and to improve their performance but also, to reduce the learning time needed for employees starting in a new job on appointment, transfer or promotion and to ensure that they will become fully competent as quickly and economically as possible (J. Swart et al, 2005). When a training programme being used effectively, then the benefits for employees are numerous and are illustrated on firms performance. It also helps to manage changes and provide to employees the knowledge and skills they need to adjust with new situations and work demands, as well as to adopt new t echnologies and methods, to be innovative (Armstrong, 2003). In that way, employees motivation is increased and the same goes to efficiencies in processes resulting in firms financial gain while employees turnover is being reduced. Highly trained workforce provides higher levels of service to customers which enhance companys image (Mullins, 2007). The cost-effectiveness of training is a vital element because it can help the line manager to establish credibility, to reveal the value of the training by achieving both operational savings and increases in firms revenue; then, enforce the organization to look training more as an investment and less as a dispensable cost of operation. By training their employees, companies maximize the potential of this investment (Campbell, 1995). In order to improve the skills of its human resource, an organization can either train its existing employees or recruit pre-skilled labor forces that have been trained elsewhere (Booth, 1998; Jameson, 2000). The importance of investment in training and development is matter of whether a firm is treating its employees as a resource or as a cost (Tysson, 1996; Long, 1990; Jackson, 1989; Jameson, 2000). By exploiting the meaning of each word that consists Human Resource Management; human implies the workforce, resource implies investment, management implies development (Sisson, 1989). It is demonstrated that the consideration of human asset as investment for the firm through strategic development can maximize its potential, and the training is the tool that can provide it. So, companies with unwillingness to consider employees as investment, can simply be called not HRM practicing. In adverse, companies reluctant to invest in their human resources, rely on a short-term human asset, which, mainly, is low skilled training, less loyalty to its work and easy replaceable due to the lower cost of loss for the firm (Harzing, 1995; Jameson, 2000; Mullins, 2007). Most managers recognize the vital role that continuous learning plays in todays marketplace in order to maximize companys competitive advantage (Harzing, 1995; Gordon, 1991). However, some managers are reluctant to invest in their employees and train them. The reasons why is happening are variable. The market from its own, in which each company is doing business, deduct any potential training (Booth, 1994; Graven, 1998). More specific, the market is divided to the primary labour market, where jobs tend to be supplied by large, highly profitable firms with high capital to labour ratio and high productivity. Here, production is usually large scale with high investment in technology with more opportunities for training. The secondary labour market includes small firms with low capital to labour ratio, low productivity and small scale production. In these firms, wage and skill levels tend to be low, employment is unstable and training opportunities are usually limited. Significantly, small businesses experience problems in providing training for both owner-managers and workers. (Curran et al., 1996) Reasons for not providing such training are that companies do not believe in the effectiveness of training and they do not consider it as a big component for a better performance. Hence, when profits are under pressure or other developments are on stake, the most common reaction is to cut training fund. Also, recruiting skilled labor is more economical than practicing training and development policies. But they neglect that teamwork, employees initiatives, people talents are all part of the financial model and when these figures are maximized the same goes with the business economic growth (Bentley, 1991; Campell, 1995) Traditional styles of management based on authoritarian, non-participatory tenets of employees and managers who have grown up in a system like this, is unlikely to be ready to abandon familiar tried and trusted methods and be welcomed to a better trained, self reliant and questioning human force (Sisson, 1989). Some of them claim that there is limited time for the practice of training program. Indeed, a training program to be effective needs a lot of both employers and employees time and commitment, it also may take all employees job-life to be efficient. Job conditions change constantly in the business environment, so the continuous learning is required but nobody has the state or the emotional strength to be in a training position all the time. In that point, there are two categories that can be distinguished (Armstrong, 2003; Murray, 2007; Currie, 1997). Employers that do not believe in the importance of the process and employees that do not find interest to be trained, specifically if they have obtained a high image in the firm and they are known for their distinctive qualifications. Contrary to that, some employees want to develop their skills and knowledge whereby they will contribute to their companys success (Keep, 1989). They want training but their managers do not want to be confronted by this task, they are unwillingness to try, and simply they avoid it. From the perspective of the length of a training program, which could take weeks, months or even the entire career of the employees it can be a major expense especially for firms with traditionally high turnover. Besides, the common belief that is the responsibility of the school system to train people to be workers and is the workers responsibility to learn how to do a job so they can get hired is another reason why employers not practice their manpower (Collin, 2003). Government regulations, insurance coverages, and common sense dictate relevant training that should be given to every employee. Still, few employers do not find it significant to train their human force (Collin, 2003; Noon, 2001). A discouragement of not training is, also, the gap that arises when trainees are transferred from the training course to a job, to apply their knowledge and skills in practice. As long as they are in a training centre, they are sheltered from the realities of the rough and tumble workplace. For managers and team leaders, the problem of transferring from learning situation to the real conditions may be even more difficult because most of management training tends to deal with relatively abstract concepts like motivation and leadership, and the connection between what is being learned in the class room and what is really happening in work, may not always be apparent. That is why the training must always be compatible to employees needs (Armstrong, 2003, Noon, 2001). Another reason of not practicing training can be regarded the difficulty in measuring the effectiveness of a training program. Measuring cost of training needs a lot of efforts from the senior manager because apart from training results are also other interacting variables such as administrative costs, relocation, course design and material costs that have to be taken into account. Therefore are different methods that can be used from the manager in order to derive an acceptable figure for the effectiveness of training course. Those methods vary from sector and companys size. Hence manager has to have the ability to choose the one, which fit to the business needs. Any failure to the accounting of training-cost can mislead to wrong results, to an ineffective training proposal and that will discourage the company to practice training (Murley, 2007; Belcour, 1995t; Gordon, 1991). Moreover, it can be said that firms are not invested in training because of the flexible working environment. They claim that investing in people can be a boomerang for their business competitive advantage, as it is likely employees will leave the company and transfer their knowledge into competitors firm. Despite the likelihood of this event, employers have to understand that the key for organizations success is the human factor. By investing in human asset training, they invest in employees commitment to the firm and more as the firm invests in the development of their skills (Armstrong, 2003; Craven 1994; Hall, 1991). It cannot be ignored the providence of the HRDF, a levy reimbursement scheme establishing in 1992. Under HRDF, employers pay a payroll contribution of one percent and are eligible to claim a portion of allowable training expenditures up to the limit of their total levy for any given year. The reimbursement rates vary by sector and type of training. Empirical analysis showed that firms least likely to claim from HRDF are small firms and firms providing no training or only informal training. Important factors that employers cite as inhibiting their training: the limited resources available for it, the use of mature technology with low skill requirements, the adequacy of skills provided by schools, and the availability of skilled workers who can be hired from other firms (Tan and Gill, 1998). Generally, levy schemes have led to an increase in quantity of training. In some countries levy schemes have had some impact on increasing training. A common feature of schemes in which training has increased has been the fact that an effective system is in place for administering the levy both for levy collection as well as administration of grants. On the other hand, there were very complicated rules governing training requirements for the levy and the criteria for approval, dissuade employers from investing in it (Edwards, 1997). Firms which may have otherwise invested more in training, tend to reduce their effort to the level required by law in order to receive the minimum rebate or tax credit. There is also some evidence which suggests that if firms are reluctant to train, they organize training which is not relevant to their needs in order to qualify for the rebate or tax credit. Additionally, smaller firms may be less likely to train their workers as they feel that costs are significant and the training which is provided may not be relevant to their needs. Even if training is provided, the bureaucracy involved in persuing reimbursements dissuades firms from submitting claims for reimbursements. (Herschbach, 1993). Concluding, this paper attempted to define the reasons why there are organizations that are reluctant to see their manpower as an important asset in business success and so invest on them and train them. Now, the interplay between the benefits that are derived from any form of training and the cost-effectiveness of training for the firms is seemed to be more clear. In general, companies which operate in the increasingly competitive international market were forced to attach training and development as equal to the vital acknowledgement that the training needs are more like an investment rather than a cost and that, partly due the cultural diversity that the international integration occurs and partly because of the rapid economic and technological growth. All these also reflect the companies outlook on how important is the quality of those they recruit, because a companys image is as good as is its personnel and it is vital to select and train the best. (Upton, 1987) Unfortunately, i n many cases this process is considered by many managers as meaningless, too time consuming, a bureaucratic exercise only, or even as something that intervene to their departments work. For some organizations, the maintenance and the wellbeing of the equipment and machinery seems more important than to make an effort to the wellbeing and development of their own employees (Sun, 2001). But as it has been already highlighted, the key for success, even profit, for any firm at any size is its human asset and to invest in them infer to business future (Hall, 1991, Armstrong, 2003).

Goodness As A Simple And Indefinable Property Philosophy Essay

Goodness As A Simple And Indefinable Property Philosophy Essay Moores Principia Ehica was the first to claim that goodness is an indefinable non-natural property belonging to a simple intuition. For Moore a property is natural if, and only if, it is detectable by the senses1. Ever since Moore, the debate of what good is has become essential to moral philosophy and meta ethics. Moore, to understand the simple notion of good, puts forth an analogy of the simple notion of yellow. The notion of yellow can only be conceived by those who already understand it, the same applies to good. Moore is contrasting the indefinable understanding of goodness to the indefinable perception of a colors qualia. Qualia is defined as the subjective quality of conscious experience2. We can mention certain properties of yellow: its specific wavelength or frequency. But we cannot mention what the nature of the property of being yellow is. This is because colour is a simple property that cannot be analyzed. To experience colour, we must appeal to our experience. Complex notions, on the other hand, can be defined by their sub-parts and the relationships between those sub-parts. The property of being a horse is an example of a complex object that can be defined because it has many different qualities3. But it can only be defined until it has been reduced to its simplest terms beyond which those simple terms cannot be defined. Since simple terms cannot be reduced any further, they cannot be clarified to anyone who does not already understand them. Yellow and good are not complex, but are simple notions. Moore, in this sense, thinks good is indefinable. Good, as a concept does not correspond to the concepts of pleasure, desire or usefulness. Given that there are things that we call pleasurable as well as good, but we can call a thing pleasurable, desirable or useful and then ask, but is it good? The fact that we are able to ask such a question of a thing with particular qualities of pleasure, desire or usefulness is evidence, for Moore, that good cannot be identical to the concepts of pleasure, desire or usefulness. This is known as the open-ended question problem. Saying that something is pleasurable does not exclude the question, yes, but is it good? The Open Question Argument Moore backs his claim that good is simple and indefinable through the famous open question argument. He argues that good cannot be defined by considering the fact that whatever definition be offered, it may be always asked, with significance, of the complex so defined, whether it is itself good 4. What he means by this argument is that, if we, for instance, equate good with doing what is pleasurable (which seems reasonable) then, Moore points out, that it can still be asked is it good to do what is pleasurable? Therefore, it remains an open question (hence the name of the argument) whether something is good, irrespective of it being pleasurable. Moore accepts that the argument does not demonstrate that pleasure is not the only test for an actions goodness, all it demonstrates is that what is pleasurable cannot be known by simply inspecting the definition of good. What is good has to be known in another way. Moore also formulates the term naturalistic fallacy. Â  Naturalistic fallacy is defined as an intent to classify some things simply being the case to the case of it being good. If something is pleasurable then, this quality alone cannot tell us anything about its being good. The Naturalistic Fallacy According to Moore, if good is simple, indefinable, cannot be analyzed and what is good? remains and open question then an attempt to define the simple notion of good as any other naturalistic notion is to commit the naturalistic fallacy5. To clarify, Moore draws the yellow analogy. Yellow can be defined as a specific wave length but these waves are not yellow. To commit the naturalistic fallacy is a common mistake when attempting to define good. While it may be entirely possible that all things that are good can also be something else, just as yellow things have certain other properties, but to equate these properties to the definition of good is incorrect. Good as an intuition Moore claims that though good is indefinable, it is part of our everyday coherent language. This is because we identify good based on our intuition. MacIntyre objects to this view by saying, how, then, do we recognise the intrinsically good? The only answer Moore offers is that we just do 6. But this would make good a complex notion since for different people good would have different analyzable content. Furthermore, this would be contrary to Moores claim of good being a simple notion. Objections Philosophers such as Mackie, MacIntyre and Nagel do not essentially agree with the naturalistic fallacy or the validity of the open question argument. Mackie, presents an objection to Moore with his argument from queerness. He argues that there is no such thing as goodness and badness. Moreover, he claims, goodness and badness have no properties or qualities that can be reduced to simpler terms since they do not exist. Goodness and badness are meant to properties of objects but they are queerly different to other properties like weight, size or fabric. Mackie concludes that goodness and badness are prescriptive moral terms and intrinsic or inherent properties of things is simply not possible.7 Moore responds by arguing that good is a simple concept of ethics. And all other ethical concepts must be derived from it. Although good cannot be defined, what is good can be defined. Thus, while we do not know the definition of good we can identify which things are good. David Hume says it best, just because something is the case does not by that fact indicate to us that it ought to be the case. Â   Conclusion In my opinion, Moores claim of good being indefinable due to it being a simple and non natural property is an extreme argument to make. If Moore is right, then it would mean that there is no objective way of defining good and that the term is relative to the human species. This fact is hard to reconcile. There would be substantial implications for the way good is discussed at a practical and theoretical level of ethics. Many do not agree with Moores arguments, especially MacIntyre who says, more unwarranted and unwarrantable assertions are perhaps made in Principia Ethica than in any other single book of moral philosophy 8. But we have to accept that Moore has been responsible for raising many issue that have become central to meta ethics today. On the other hand, maybe good is so inherent and intrinsic to the human mind that we cannot completely define it. This would not be surprising as our language is not a rational or precise tool that can be used to comprehensively define one of the most important terms used in ethical discussions today.

Dicks Androids and Scotts Replicants :: Philip K. Dick Ridley Scott

Dicks' Androids and Scotts' Replicants Philip K. Dick has written over fifty novels, and is considered among some of the greatest experimental writers of the 1950s and '60s, such as; William Burroughs, J.G. Ballard, and Thomas Pynchon.(Star 34) He has written science- fiction and regular fiction. His fiction usually spoke of people trying to figure out who they are, or what they are supposed to be. He is best known, however, for his work in science-fiction, and this represents the majority of his work. He has, also, won awards for two of his science-fiction novels. He won the Hugo Award for best novel in 1962 for The Man in the High Castle and the John W. Campbell Memorial Award for best novel of the year in 1974 for Flow My Tears, The Policeman Said (Brians 1). An opera has been based on one of P.K.D. later novels, Valis (Brians 1). One of his short stories, We Can Build It For You, was made into a movie recently. The movie was Screamers, starring Peter Weller. He has also had two of his novels, We Can Remember It for You Wholesale (Total Recall), Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (Blade Runner), made into movies. Of the two, Blade Runner (B.R.) has had the greatest impact. B.R., however, differs greatly from Dicks' original novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (D.A.D.O.E.S.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blade Runner was released in 1982 under the direction of Ridley Scott, who also made another sci-fi classic, Alien. The film begins in the city of Los Angeles. The year is 2019. The city of Los Angeles is overpopulated, teeming with all sorts of humans. Japanese ADs are all over the place. The Japanese input was strictly the director, Ridley Scot's. Scott saw the future world being controlled by the Japanese. Philip K. Dick did not mention this. The planet is recovering from World War III, although I'm not sure they actually say this. In the book, the war is clearly stated and was called World War Terminus. The effects of the radiation has mutated some people. Only the ones who had not been disfigured or altered genetically by radiation from the nuclear bombs could emigrate, (leave the planet earth). Some, who were perfectly healthy chose to stay, however. They stayed because they were stubborn and wanted to die on the planet they were born on. The chickenheads had to stay, it was law. Chickenheads is Dicks term for the disfigured or the genetically altered. They are also referred to as specials. There are no chickenheads in the movie. None of this is made clear

The Founding Story of Salamis :: Cyprus

The Founding Story of Salamis Teucer announces, â€Å"Despair in no way, tomorrow we will set out upon the vast ocean [for a new homeland in Cyprus].† At the end of the Trojan War, Teucer returned to his home island of Salamis (an island near Greece) carrying news of his brother, Ajax’s, death to his father, King Telamon. The king cursed Teucer for not preventing his brother’s death nor did he avenge his brother’s death on Odysseus. King Telamon had mistakenly thought that Teucer had abandoned Ajax in his moment of need because he had his eye on the throne and future kingdom of Salamis. It was on this reasoning that King Telamon made his decision to banish Teucer from his island homeland of Salamis. Humiliated and dejected, Teucer sails away with his soldiers in search of Cyprus in hopes of making this island their new home. On the way, Teucer’s ship is blown off course. After several days of being lost in the Mediterranean Sea, Teucer lands on the shores of Egypt. He had heard that the famous prophetess Theonoe lived in Egypt. She had been born with the gift of divine knowledge of all things present and to come. He decides to go ashore to seek out an oracle or revelation from Theonoe. If he spoke with Theonoe, Teucer had confidence he would know the correct course to take to get to Cyprus. He says: â€Å"The reason of my coming to this royal palace was a wish to see the famous prophetess Theonoe. I wish to ask how I shall steer a favorable course to the sea-girt shores of Cyprus; for there Apollo hath declared my home shall be, giving to it the name of Salamis.† Teucer – son of King Telamon Instead of finding Theonoe, he stumbles into a beautiful woman, Helen. She says to him, â€Å"Who are you and where are you going? Teucer responds by telling her about his participation in the battle of Troy and that he has been exiled from his birthplace, the island of Salamis by his father King Telamon. Teucer also tells her that he had been sailing to Cyprus to make a new home but has lost his way. He says he is looking for Theonoe to learn from her the quickest course to Cyprus. Helen replies that Cyprus is easy to find but he should leave Egypt soon before the king of the land, son of Proteus, finds him there. The Founding Story of Salamis :: Cyprus The Founding Story of Salamis Teucer announces, â€Å"Despair in no way, tomorrow we will set out upon the vast ocean [for a new homeland in Cyprus].† At the end of the Trojan War, Teucer returned to his home island of Salamis (an island near Greece) carrying news of his brother, Ajax’s, death to his father, King Telamon. The king cursed Teucer for not preventing his brother’s death nor did he avenge his brother’s death on Odysseus. King Telamon had mistakenly thought that Teucer had abandoned Ajax in his moment of need because he had his eye on the throne and future kingdom of Salamis. It was on this reasoning that King Telamon made his decision to banish Teucer from his island homeland of Salamis. Humiliated and dejected, Teucer sails away with his soldiers in search of Cyprus in hopes of making this island their new home. On the way, Teucer’s ship is blown off course. After several days of being lost in the Mediterranean Sea, Teucer lands on the shores of Egypt. He had heard that the famous prophetess Theonoe lived in Egypt. She had been born with the gift of divine knowledge of all things present and to come. He decides to go ashore to seek out an oracle or revelation from Theonoe. If he spoke with Theonoe, Teucer had confidence he would know the correct course to take to get to Cyprus. He says: â€Å"The reason of my coming to this royal palace was a wish to see the famous prophetess Theonoe. I wish to ask how I shall steer a favorable course to the sea-girt shores of Cyprus; for there Apollo hath declared my home shall be, giving to it the name of Salamis.† Teucer – son of King Telamon Instead of finding Theonoe, he stumbles into a beautiful woman, Helen. She says to him, â€Å"Who are you and where are you going? Teucer responds by telling her about his participation in the battle of Troy and that he has been exiled from his birthplace, the island of Salamis by his father King Telamon. Teucer also tells her that he had been sailing to Cyprus to make a new home but has lost his way. He says he is looking for Theonoe to learn from her the quickest course to Cyprus. Helen replies that Cyprus is easy to find but he should leave Egypt soon before the king of the land, son of Proteus, finds him there.

Mexican Folk Music: El Corrido Essay -- Music, Oral Folk History

During the late 19th century and early 20th century, a form of Mexican folk music called the corrido gained popularity along the Mexico-Texan border (Saldà ­var). Growing from the Spanish romance tradition, the corrido is a border ballad â€Å"that arose chronicling the history of border conflicts and its effects on Mexican-Mexican culture† (Saldà ­var). A sort of â€Å"oral folk history,† the corrido was studied intensely by Amà ©rico Paredes, who then constructed his masterpiece, George Washington Gomez, around the â€Å"context and theme† of the corrido (Mendoza 146). But the novel is not a traditional corrido, in which the legendary hero defends his people and dies for his honor. Instead, through its plot, characterization, and rhetorical devices, George Washington Gomez is an anti-corrido. The corrido has been identified as having distinctive characteristics that make up its theme and plot. First, the corrido has a â€Å"context of hostile relations between Anglos and Mexicans along the border and the establishment of a scenic structure, geographical locale, and opposing social forces† (Mendoza 146). The corrido’s hero â€Å"is a hard-working, peace-loving Mexican, who, when goaded by Anglos, outrages into violence, causing him to defend his rights and those of others of his community against the rinches, the Rangers† (Saldà ­var). This hero â€Å"is quickly introduced in legendary proportions and defiant stature† and many people must die before the hero reaches his triumphant, but tragic, demise (Mendoza 146). The Anglos in the corrido, meanwhile, are not one-dimensional villains but â€Å"complex figures who contain positive as well as negative qualities† (Mendoza 146). These distinctive traits of a corrido – setting, confli ct, and characterization, among others – ... ...l. â€Å"Ge-or-ge,’ she called in an exaggerated Gringo accent. He looked back. Tears were running down her rigid, expressionless face. ‘Cabron!’ she said. ‘Vendido sanavabiche!’† (Paredes 294) In this way, George – no longer Guà ¡nlito – has politically and culturally betrayed his people, and â€Å"is not is not the tragic hero who has died in defense of his people† (Mendoza 148). In conclusion, through its plot, characterization, and rhetorical devices such as tone, George Washington Gomez is an anti-corrido. However, it must be said that perhaps in its purpose as an anti-corrido, the novel is a corrido. In telling the story of Guà ¡nlito, the anti-hero of the Mexicotexans, perhaps Paredes is singing the readers his own border ballad, an ironic, cautionary tale to the Chicanos to remember who they are and where they came from and to resist, always, as a corrido hero would.

Aluminum: The 13th Element on the Periodic Table Essay

One of the many elements on the periodic table is Aluminum. Aluminum is the 13th element, and it is located in period two and group thirteen. Aluminums symbol is Al and it has an electron configuration of [Ne] 3s2 3p1. Aluminum also has an atomic mass of 26.982 and its atomic number is 13. This element was discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in the year of 1825, and was named by the English chemist Sir Humphry Davy (Helmenstine, 2012). Its name ‘Aluminum’ came from the Latin words ‘alumen’ or ‘alum’, which is an astringent and dyeing mordant. Originally, Davy called it â€Å"Alumium’ but the publishers later changed it to Aluminum, and that’s how it remains in the United States (N/A, n.d.). Aluminum is a tin-white metal which melts at 640 °C and boils at 2,327-2,450 °C (N/A, 2012). It is very light and has a density of 2.68g. It is both ductile and malleable, making it stiff and strong, and with frequent annealing it can be r olled into thin foil (N/A, 1996-2012). It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and it is a solid in its standard state. One of Aluminums chemical properties is that in moist air, it combines slowly with oxygen to form aluminum oxide. The aluminum oxide forms a very thin, whitish coating on the aluminum metal (N/A, n.d.). This element is also a fairly active metal. It reacts with many hot acids and with alkalis. Aluminum also reacts quickly with hot water, and in powdered form, it catches fire quickly when exposed to a flame (N/A, 1996-2012). Back then, the Ancient Greeks and Romans used alum as an astringent, for medicinal purposes, and as a mordant in dyeing (N/A, 2012). Today, it is used in kitchen utensils, exterior decorations, and thousands of industrial applications. The uses of the element can vary from being kitchen foil, to being used to create planes and trains. Aluminum is also used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight, and its alloys are used in the construction of aircraft and rockets (Helmenstine, 2012). Aluminum is also used to make compounds, and some of the many are Aluminum Chloride, Aluminum Hydroxide, and Aluminum Phosphate. Lastly, something very interesting and unique about Aluminum is that it is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust (8.1%), although it is not found free in nature (N/A, 2012).

Fundamentals of rhythm Essay

What is dance? Dance is a type of art that generally involves movement of the body, often rhythmic and to music. It is performed in many cultures as a form of emotional expression, social interaction, or exercise, in a spiritual or performance setting, and is sometimes used to express ideas or tell a story. Dance may also be regarded as a form of nonverbal communication between humans or other animals, as in bee dances and behavior patterns such as mating dances. Definitions of what constitutes dance can depend on social and cultural norms and aesthetic, artistic and moral sensibilities. Definitions may range from functional movement (such as folk dance) to virtuoso techniques such as ballet. Martial arts kata are often compared to dances, and sports such as gymnastics, figure skating and synchronized swimming are generally thought to incorporate dance. What is rhythm? Rhythm from Greek —rhythmos, â€Å"any regular recurring motion, symmetry† generally means a â€Å"movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions. This general meaning of regular recurrence or pattern in time can apply to a wide variety of cyclical natural phenomena having a periodicity or frequency of anything from microseconds to millions of years. In the performance arts rhythm is the timing of events on a human scale; of musical sounds and silences, of the steps of a dance, or the meter of spoken language and poetry. Rhythm may also refer to visual presentation, as â€Å"timed movement through space and a common language of pattern unites rhythm with geometry. In recent years, rhythm and meter have become an important area of research among music scholars. Recent work in these areas includes books by Maury Yeston, Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff, Jonathan Kramer, Christopher Hasty, Godfried Toussaint, William Rothstein, and Joel Lester. What is dancing? Dancing is the music played with the body. Dancing is done for pleasure of the dancer. Dancing can be defined as: a series of movements that match the speed and rhythm of a piece of music. Dancing is also a particular sequence of steps and movements constituting a particular form of movements. Visual effects of dancing are secondary. Movement to the beat expressed in sounds has the  magical effect on us: we come to the euphoria, trance. Dancing in a group we experience the powerful drive to unity. Unity of free people united in free formations. No wonder dancing for millennia was main spiritual or entertaining activity for all religious, social, political, and even military activities. Dancing is a means of expressing one’s emotions through movement disciplined by rhythm. It is an art of moving rhythmically and expressively to an accompaniment. The term â€Å"Dancing† came from an old German word â€Å"danson† which means â€Å"to stretch†.

Food Contamination Essay

Introduction When food is unsafe for consumption is called food contamination. Food contamination occurs when foods are spoiled because they might contain microorganisms, such as bacteria , parasites, or toxic substances that make them unsafe for consumption.Bacteria and parasites on uncooked food can linger on the food if not handle or cooked properly. Food contamination is serious because it results in diseases that affect appromiaxally seventy-six million people in the United States, 300,000 leading hospitalizations and an estimate of 5,000 deaths yearly. Signs you should look for when contaminated food is consumed like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal, cramping, and fever. While food poisoning is often caused by bacteria, it can also result from eating poisonous plants some mushrooms for instance and animals pufferfish. Every year more than 76 million people get sick from food poisoning, especially during the summer when food may not be kept cold enough to stop bacteria from growing. when contaminated food is consumed it can last about 2 days. When Hands are not wash in between foods like meat to vegetables. Raw meat has many bacteria on its surface and when hands touch it and then it touches the vegetables your hands are transferring the bacteria to the vegetables. since people normally don’t cook vegetable like lettuce and carrots they are eating all the bacteria and viruses that is on the vegetable surface. Contaminated food can be cause by the environment because pesticides, heavy metals, and other chemical agents can enter the food supply.There are many chances for food to become contaminated as it is produced and distributed to markets and resturant salmonella, E. Coli, shigella, campylobacter, and botulism are some common types of bacteria that can contaminate foods. Salmonellae is mostly found in the intestinal tract of animals.. salmonellae occurs most often in institutions like child care centers and nursing homes. Shigella occur in the gastrointestinal tract of men.What can cause Campylobacter is handling raw food poorly and eating raw poultry meat. Campylobacter has the foremost cause of diarrheal illness in the United States.a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin this is called Botulism which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. A major cause of food borne illnesses is Escherichia coli. E. Coli resides in intestines and these are harmless. Chapter One: Social life Impact When people cross path with food contamination they get effect with bacteria and viruses that the body can’t fight off causing them to become sick. Food poisoning last at least 2 days and people have job to attend but they can’t because the are to sick to work. each day they are sick they are losing money and can not take care of their families. Resturants get affect by food contamination because they can possibly lose costumer or even shut down.An American’s home is the most likely place where that person will suffer the effects of food contamination – although restaurants generate more headlines and more concern for most people.the growth of certain bacteria, and is a concern of the business as well as the consumer. A single case of food poisoning can instantly cause a restaurant to no longer exist. To prevent contamination which might result in illness, chopping boards should be sanitized thoroughly and frequently. The employees’ hands should also be washed regularly. It is acceptable to handle raw food with bare hands, however with cooked or ready to eat food disposable gloves or other utensils such as spoons, spatulas, or tongs should be used. Latex gloves should be changed at least once every hour or if they become torn or contaminated. It is never acceptable to reuse gloves after they have been removed once (Public Health). Chapter Two: Environment Impact The enviroment can play a major part on food contamination simply because of the animal living condition. When animals are slaughter there fecal matter can be crossed contaminated with the meat causing contaminated poultry.Contaminated water that contains animal manure and human sewage can cause fresh fruits and vegetables to be contaminated. Food processing is also possible to contaminate from infected food handlers. Poor hygiene in the home can also be a factor of many bacteria on raw food.Among the most serious food-borne diseases is Salmonella enteriditis, usually found in raw and undercooked eggs and which can cause death from salmonellosis. Salmonella is generally to be considered the chief among the microbiological threats from the food supply. Symptoms include nausea, fever, headache, abdominal pain and vomiting but careful Chapter Three: Economic Impact Farmers are losing money when they are producing contaminated product. Restaurants and food market will not buy there products because they are contaminated. If restaurants buy contaminated food they lose money in two way. one way is they buying food products that are contaminated and they can’t use them the second way is if they use the contaminated food people can get food posioning and can threaten the business by the lose of costumers and possible chance of the restaurant shutting down.People are rediscovering the beneï ¬ ts of buying local food. It is good for your local economy because buying directly from family farmers in your area helps them stay in business. There are between 20 million and 40 million reported cases of food contamination annually in this country with the cost in medical bills, lost wages and product recalls as high as $10 billion, according to federal estimates caused by the microbial contamination of such foods as poultry, eggs, dairy and seafood. economic impact of food poisoning is substantial. The United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that food poisoning costs the United States between 5 and 6 billion dollars annually in direct medical care and lost productivity the Refrences http://www.diet.com/g/food-contamination http://www.emedicinehealth.com/food_poisoning/page3_em.htm#Food%20Poisoning%20Symptoms http://www.vanderbilt.edu/ans/psychology/health_psychology/types.htm

Inception Reflection Essay

After watching inception twice I am still confused as to what was real and what was not. I have come to the conclusion that the entire movie was Cobb dreaming. I believe this because Cobb’s totem used to be his wife’s totem. He only retrieved the totem when they were stuck in limbo. He said never to let anyone else feel the weight of your totem. Meaning that he himself has no way of knowing the actual weight or feel of his wife’s totem. In other words Cobb has no totem, no way of knowing what is real and what isn’t. The totem only shows Cobb what he wants to believe. Since the entire movie was a dream of his making, his subconscious may have led the totem to drop/ wobble when he wanted to believe he was in reality. I believe that Cobb’s wife Mol was the one trying to pull them back to reality. Mol kept trying to draw him out when in reality he kept falling further and further. Cobb didn’t join Mol in jumping off the building to get into reality. Cobb has been dreaming for so long and so deep that he has lost reality. The main reason I believe Cobb has been dreaming all along is because of the ending. When Cobb thinks he has arrived back to reality and back to his children, they are wearing the same clothes, and in the same position as he last saw them. He became suspicious and spun the top. Cobb finally saw his kid’s faces and walked away from his totem. Seeing his kid’s faces was enough reality for him. Cobb created his own reality. He formulated the entire dream to justify his belief in what was real and what wasn’t. He needed the elaborate dream to lead him back to his children which signify his reality. With that being said, I believe the movie argued for idealism. Cobb’s reality was based on the mind. If the totem had not been his wife’s, and had not been found in a dream, I would have argued for realism. Because the material thing, or totem, would be what determines reality. The top was supposed to keep spinning in a dream, and wobble or drop in reality. However as stated before Cobb found the totem in a dream, and it wasn’t even his totem, therefore it holds no significance in determining reality. With my interpretation of the entire movie being a dream of Cobb’s, the movie would have to be based on empiricism. Cobb experiences things that I don’t believe were reality yet he takes them to be true. For example, if the movie was in fact all a dream of Cobb’s, then his wife’s suicide was just a projection of his imagination. Yet as he dreams deeper he believes it to be true. Cobb’s knowledge is based on experience because really there is no reason or rational to rely on when your dreaming within a dream within a dream within a dream, etc. Like Cobb said, once you make it down to limbo it is hard to sense what reality is. Cobb’s only grip on reality is his totem, which I explained before, was never really his in the first place. He has no reason. He only has experience to rely on. His experiences in his dreams become his reality. What reason do you have to cling to when the biggest determination of reality(the totem) isn’t real. In the end when Cobb see’s his children’s faces, the experience of being with them is all he needs to justify reality. Hence why he walks away from his totem. Cobb’s experiences within a dream are what formulate his reality. If it was reason that formulated his reality, he wouldn’t be in limbo anymore. He would have listened to his wife and figured out that he is still dreaming by now. He would have never accepted that totem as his own. I would like to argue both pragmatic and coherent theories for my take on Inception. However, I do believe the coherent theory fits a little better. The coherent theory states that something is true if it is consistent with other beliefs that are held to be true. The problem in this theory is that there is no definition or criteria of what a logical belief is. Cobb thinks his wife is stuck in limbo and that he is in reality. Basically any thought that he has that coheres with that main thought is true. Him believing he was hired to plant an idea in Fishers mind was in fact true to him. The capability of planting an idea in someone’s head was true to him. Why? Because his core belief was that he himself had planted an idea in his wife’s head before, causing her to lose touch with reality. All belief’s Cobb had were consistent with his main belief, that he was not longer in limbo. Cobb believed that the totem actually did tell him when he was or wasn’t dreaming. However as stated before the totem wasn’t his to begin with so how could that be true? How could it be true that when the totem wobbles or falls he is in fact in reality? He found the totem in limbo, so he doesn’t know what the true weight or feel of that totem is. Yet he believes in this totem because he needs to. His mind has created a scenario to help him retrieve what he craves, reality. The elaborate dream and all of his truth’s cohere in order to get him back to happiness. Although Cobb may not be in reality, his belief of being so is enough to satisfy him. Cobb’s mind created what he wanted to believe was reality. I guess if you have no grip on reality anymore, creating the closest thing to it would be your best shot at happiness.

Appeal Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Appeal Process - Essay Example er of cases although some may require to be heard by separate appellate committees such as the appellate committee of bankrupt judges (Lawfirms.com, n.d.). A litigant wishing to appeal does it only on paper, and at the appeal, level there is no actual trial. The litigant will have to write down a brief explaining how the court erred in his sentencing, or how their constitutional rights may have been violated in the trail. The federal or state cause trying this case will review the brief and determine based on the submitted evidence if it is a legitimate cause for a retrial. In some cases, the appeal courts will require having an oral argument by the lawyers; this does not involve submission of any new evidence (Lawfirms.com, n.d.). While the appellate court has the legal mandate to review any facts pertaining to the trial, the review process is based on what was on record on the court. It can review the facts of the case, but cannot overturn decisions on factual grounds without categorical evidence of erroneous decisions. Court decisions are not infallible since they are made by humans who are fallible and as such, it is crucial that people are given as the benefit of doubt for as long as possible and all loose ends tied up, this can only be achieved by an improved appeal process. Appeals are often long and tiresome processes, which have an incredible toll on the plaintiff and their families; one of the main causes for this is the shortage of appeal court judges. For an appeal to go through it must be heard by a panel of judges, and this is difficult if there are not enough to go round, another way of simplifying the appeal would be to make it possible for non-lawyers to appeal cases when they are not able to afford and attorney. This could be made possible by simplifying the legal and other requirements needed in the cause of pursuing the appeal. Antony William was arrested and arraigned in for the murder of a ten-year-old girl, while being transported to

Computerized Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computerized Accounting - Essay Example The purpose of special journals is to record transactions received in form of electronic forms such as payroll, sales, expenses, cash received, and cash payments. The special journals are comprised of separate accounts, which are aimed at recording relevant information and posts pertaining to that account only. The system calculates the sum of each account in special journals and posts it in the general ledger tab of the software for a given period of time. Subsequently, the system takes data from these general ledger entries and creates the financial statements such as balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. Similarly, the payroll journals are comprised of all the relevant information and data pertaining to the salaries, wages and compensation paid to employees. It may also contain the information related to taxes, which are required to be paid to government. These transactions are entered periodically in the system. The sales journal of a special journal is designed to record all the sales transactions. There can be more than one or numerous journals in special journal for sales transactions as it is dependent on the number of goods and services sold by the business. The accounts receivables are entered in the journal named as cash receipt in the special journal, which represents the money not received from the customers. The cash disbursement journal is used to record the cash utilized by the company for purchase of inputs (wisegeek, n.d.). The merchandizing operations are comprised of buying and selling of goods to consumers. Furthermore, it also requires to make certain expenses to obtain inputs and resources for making these goods and spend on the marketing and distribution of these services and goods.   On the other hand service operations are more related to over see the daily routine activities of a business that is aimed at delivering quality products and services to consumer therefore, it involves having a broader perspective then merchandizing operations, where as, the merchandizing operation deals with selling the final product to the customers, buying necessary inventories in this regard, and collecting cash from customers.

Management Functions of (whatever company you desire that makes it Essay

Management Functions of (whatever company you desire that makes it easier for you) - Essay Example cruiting, developing and rewarding individuals which comes under the function of Staffing while Directing is taken to be the process of influencing employees’ behavior through communication, motivation, leadership and discipline. The purpose of Controlling is setting the performance bar for not only the employees but also the company’s objectives and actual accomplishments. Even a successful conglomerate such as General Electric (GE) with more than 300,000 employees engaged in 11 technology, services and financial businesses across 160 countries has been focusing and improving on these basic management functions for almost 130 years and continues till date (GE, 2006). It is these very functions that have brought them the success and appreciation which is seen today (Colvin, 2006). For all aspects of management and the basic principles which a company follows as it conducts its business, a mission statement is quite important (Hellriegel, 2004). GE does not have a stereotypical vision/mission statement to consider as part of their planning function. They appear to believe very strongly in what they call ‘company values’ which is a combined vision-mission statement stated as imagine, solve, build and lead (GE, 2006). These four values interconnect with each other and help build products/services which are winners (Welch, 2005). A vision cannot be complete if it does not have leadership and the management functions of GE emphasize good leadership very strongly. GE Commercial Finance, Infrastructure, Healthcare, Industrial, Consumer Finance and NBC Universal make up the six broad-based industry segments to put together their combined 11 organizations. To name just a few, the GE divisions offer several consumer and commercial financing programs, water, aviation, medical information technologies, television channels and other entertainment to meet an array of human needs worldwide (GE, 2006). The organization of these business areas would not have been

Leagalization of Medical Marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leagalization of Medical Marijuana - Essay Example Unlike alcohol abuse and other drug abuse that kill the grey cells causing brain damage or long term memory loss, the use of Marijuana causes only short term memory loss and that too, only while the individual is under its influence. Marijuana does not cause long term memory loss neither does it effect the immune system in the body. According to the UCLA School of Medicine study in 1997, (Volume 155 of the American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine) on 243 Marijuana smokers for chronic lung disease, over the period eight years, it was found that "Neither the continuing nor the intermittent marijuana smokers exhibited any significantly different rates of decline in lung function as compared with those individuals who never smoked marijuana." In relation to smoking of Marijuana, the study found "No differences were noted between even quite heavy marijuana smoking and non-smoking of marijuana."The study concluded that unlike tobacco that is a major cause of deaths in the country, death from an overdose of Marijuana has never been recorded so far. Moreover, Legal prohibition of drugs is not going to prevent its consumers from taking them.